Heat of Formation of Magnesium Oxide

ObjetiveTo memorize the modify formation of MgO (Magnesium Oxide) employ Hesss Law, which states the heat at heart a chemical reaction is independent of the pathway between the initial and final states.IntroductionChemical reactions require heat energy to complete, called an endothermic reaction, or claim heat energy, and thus called an exothermic reaction. The heat energy produced by such(prenominal) reactions canful be measured using a calorimeter, a tour of equipment that can isolate the reaction in an insulated container. Using the calorimeter one can then(prenominal) determine the rise and fall in temporaryerature of the reaction. When this temperature change is multiply by the heat capacity, the mensuration of heat needed to raise the temperature of a body by one degree, we can measure the change in converting our initial components (reactants) to their respective products.In this experiment we will measure the amount of heat released from 3 reactions (HA HB HC) and image the sum of all 3 reactions to determine HT, which will give us the heat formation of MgO. If Hesss law holds true and barring minimal experimental error, the pathway we recitation to determine HT should have no bearing on our calculation coordinated the accepted calculation of MgO.MethodsAs per lab manual we employ a correct calorimeter (using a rounded end thermometer so as to not pierce a hole in the calorimeter) to determine the heats of reaction for Magnesium (Mg) with Hydrochloric dit (HCl) and Hydrochloric Acid with Magnesium Oxide (MgO). Then using mathematical formulas we were sufficient to calculate the heat formation of MgO, which is measured in kJ/Mol. Since both reactions be in dilute piddle solutions ofHCl it was necessary to know the heat capacity of irrigate, precisely because some heat would be transferred to the calorimeter whose heat capacity was unknown, we had to record a correction factor (x) based upon the specific heat of water using the equa tion m(h2o)+XCwater+water=-1(m( trash water)Cwatert methamphetamine hydrochloride water).We then recorded the circle (m) of room temperature water and ice water each in a respective form and then poured the ice water into the room temperature water and recorded the temperature change. By knowing (x) we could then calculate the heat of reaction for Mg with HCl (HA kJ/mol) and for HCl with MgO (HB kJ/mol) using the equation q=m(HCl+X)C T where m is the mass of the reactant used with Mg + X, C is the heat capacity of water (4.184 J/gC), and T is the total temperature change in each reaction. Using the results of these calculations and Hesss law we can then determine the heat formation for MgO.DataAll mass readings are given in units of grams (g), and all temperature readings are given in degrees Celsius (C).Part AMass of the Calorimeter + RoomTemp Water (g)48.08Mass of room temp water (g)46.29Mass of Cal + room temp water + icewater (g)115.40Mass of ice water (g)67.32Temp of room tem p water (C)42.4Temp of the ice water (C)0.1Final temp. of room temp water (C)17.3Change in temp of ice water (C)17.2Change of temp of room temp water (C)-25.1Mass of the calorimeter (g)1.79Part 2AMass of Calorimeter (g)1.79Mass of Cal + HCl (g)103.55Mass of HCL (g)101.76Mass of Mg (g)0.5Temperature of HCl (C)20.3Final temperature of HCl + Mg (C)42.0Change in Temperature (C)21.7Part BMass of Calorimeter (g)1.79Mass of Cal + HCl (g)101.76Mass of HCl (g)99.88Mass of MgO (g)0.8Temperature of HCl (C)20.3Final temperature of HCl + MgO (C)25.8Change in Temperature (C)5.50Results and DiscussionTo calculate X using the equation m(h2o)+XCwater+water=-1(m(ice water)Cwatertice water) the variable X must be isolated and doing so we were than able to calculate the correction factorBased on the calculations of the calorimeter correction factor, X was determined to be 0.158 g. Then using the equation q=m(HCl+X)C *T, where q is equal to the amount of energy given off, and than calculating the value in -kJ/Mol (because these are exothermic reactions) we were able to determine HA and HB.qA=m(HCl+X)C xTqA=(101.76 g + 0.158 g) x 4.184 J/gC x 21.7CqA= 9250 J = 9.250 kJ 9.253602176qB= m(HCl+X)C xTqB=(101.76 g + 0.158 g) x 4.184 J/gC x 5.50CqB=2350 J = 2.350 kJTo then calculate the heat formation of MgO HT, the sum of all the reactions must be determined including HC, the heat formation of water, which is already predetermined to be -285.8 kJ/mol. besides to determine the proper equation for HT, the stoichiometric equations must first be balancedTherefore the heat formation of MgO was determined to be -618.35 kJ/mol. agree to the textbook, the accepted value for HT=-601.8 kJ/mol. To determine the accuracy of the calculation we can determine the % errorAs far as accuracy goes a pct error of 2.75% is very acceptable. Because the methods of the experiment were conducted using a crude calorimeter I would have expected the percent error to be higher, assuming that because of its constru ction it would not have very high efficiency.I would expect that whatever error that might have occurred happened during the transference from one cup to another. Because the substances were transferred so quickly and taking into account the number of seconds that it took to replace the thermometer to begin written text data again it is possible that energy was either lost in the transfer or energy was lost before the recording was actually able to begin.ConclusionIn this lab we were able to determine the heat of formation of MgO using a simply constructed calorimeter, which was found to be -618.35 kJ/mol.