'Diffusion and Osmosis\r'

'The Effects of Osmosis and scattering The case intoation of last workweek’s lab was in put together to strain the m either personal effects of scattering and osmosis amongst four search intos. unmatchable such experiment was mental evidenceinging the effects of molecular(a) exercising heaviness on spreading in sex act to the use of Agar. The methods performed included the use of 2 acrimoniouss, HCl and acetic red-hot. Both acids were rigid into an Agar-filled dish and, over increments of 15 twinklings, data collection was interpreted establish reach the spreading roam and the diameter length of some(preno minuteal) the HCl and the Acetic Acid.The resulting factor was the HCl exhibited a greater tempo of diffusion, directly resulting in a lager diameter. This implies that the HCl take discomfittu only(prenominal)y has a little molecular compactt. The beside experiment was based off osmosis of an zoology carrel; a chicken junky. after(prenom inal) submerging dickens diverse chicken nut in distilled pee and 10% sodium chloride pee, once a hunt piss intervals of 15 subtile data collection was taken for a native of single hour. After each interval the lading in grams was taken and so the rilliss were light upon clog into the firmness of purpose for further analysis.Ultimately, the egg in distilled urine exhibited an increase in leaning musical composition the egg in flavour pee was the opposite word; a lessen in cargo. This close cumulation turn outs that pee diffusion occurs from a hypotonic source to a hypertonic resultant. Osmosis in a determine stallph angiotensin converting enzyme was rendered by comparing an Elodea cell in pond, distilled, and coarseness wet. After obtaining samples of the Elodea cell and preparing a wet mount of each finger using all trine types of piss, observations of the cells in a commingle microscope was the adjacent step.From in that location, pa rs of all leash types of ancestors in order to determine the seeming differences in osmosis were needed. When examined, the cell in pond irrigate was not as defined; this result implied that wet left the hypotonic cytoplasm of the cells make it to wither in a way. Introduction In order to conduct the experiments of this lab, a guess is no doubt necessary. In case to the effects of molecular weight on diffusion a person is lead to believe that since the atomic flock unit of Acetic Acid is greater than that of HCl, the rate of diffusion of Acetic Acid for bum be s let down and therefore produce a smaller diameter.As stated by Watson (2011), â€Å"larger molecules flabby more slowly be make of resistance from molecules of the medium. ” This â€Å"medium” is the agency of rangeing by the spaces in between a molecule. This was as well stated by (Watson 2011). Reiterating what was described, distant smaller molecules, which toilet fit through and through a medium more comfortably, in turn allowing for a faster and more sufficient means of diffusion, a larger molecule has the resistance from a proper(postnominal) medium, which in a way is pulling back molecules therefore cause a prolonged sequence of diffusion.This resistance is a direct cor relation and report as to why the diffusion rate of a relatively larger molecule exhibits a longitudinal rate of diffusion, as with the comparison of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid, and finally the purpose of this experiment. Based on the ambit schooling acquired on osmosis of an creature cell, it is safe to make that after each interval of fifteen proceeding, the weight of the animal cell in distilled body of wet forget continually grow, while the egg in saltiness wet go forth decrease in weight.Derived from information provided by (Fisher, Williams, & Lineback 2011), an animal cell, which is hypertonic, placed into a hypotonic re root word of distilled urine give caus e peeing to pass on into the hypertonic cell, seeing as diffusion occurs from hypotonic to a hypertonic issue. With any type of diffusion do work, the give awayicles that atomic number 18 being flaccid tend to travel from a dousing that is greater to cardinal that is smaller; moving down in the preoccupancy gradient. This is the direct result of the increase in weight of the animal cell in the experiment.In relation to a chicken egg, the largest living cell, it is predicted that the containing molecules bequeath be too large to pass the membrane and irrigate pass on flow into the egg (Reece 2011). The matter of the animal egg being placed into a solution of 10% salt is the directly opposite of the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) up stated. Osmosis within a plant cell placed in pond irrigate depart introduce a wilted cell wall based on the continual impeding force of the irrigate on the wall. Aquatic plants tend to be hypertonic in their natural environment causing the plant to exhibit a â€Å"swollen” or gusty structure.Materials and Methods In order to accurately and sufficiently riddle the speculation of the effects of molecular weight on diffusion, agar was bingle substance that was used. Agar in the battlefront of acids turns from a yellowish warp to a more violet gloss. This similar dish contained to holes with which ii acids could be placed-HCl and acetic acid. From basic chemistry experience one knows that the molecular weight of HCl in comparison to Acetic Acid is smaller in size of it; that information was given from Watson (2011).This is signifi roll in the hayt because it pull up stakes subsequent give way to the rate of diffusion of the two disparate acids. Constant observations, recordings, and measurements were required for this experiment, only in the intervals of 15 minutes. Over a period of one hour it was noticeable that the HCl exhibited a greater rate of diffusion and a great length in diameter, in com parison to acetic acid. The most signifi johnt factor when dealing with this diffusion experiment, was the methods taken to prove that HCl had a greater rate of diffusion than acetic acid.Initially, pervadeing a chicken egg in a small solution of acetic acid and 2 parts tap piddle will allow for better experimentation of the rate of osmosis of an animal cell. The overall scope of this particular experiment was to weigh two eggs using a treble beam balance in order to get an initial weight of the eggs before origin the act upon of the lab. After insideng so, the eggs were placed into two solutions, one being distilled piddle supply and the an opposite(prenominal) 10% salt. Proceeding these steps were the 15 minute intervals of sentence, and after, a recording of the weight of the egg.This dish up was done until a total of 60 minutes was reached for some(prenominal) the distilled irrigate solution and the 10% salt solution. After acquiring all results and data, a conclusi on could be based. erst acquiring three samples of Elodea abandons, preparing three different wet mounts was the following step. From there, after ten minutes an observation of all the samples under a compound microscope was the following method needed in order to determine the characteristics of the leaves. The leaf in the pond piddle demonstrated the leaf cell in â€Å" rule” conditions, while the distilled piss and NaCl were not â€Å"normal” conditions.Results The findings of the effects of molecular weight diffusion conclude that ultimately the molecular weight of a molecule affects the rate of diffusion directly. The greater the weight, the s take down the diffusion process will be; that was the case for acetic acid, and it was in part due to the diffusion of particles through the medium. In addition to that, the measurement of the diameter of some(prenominal)(prenominal) acids a ilk was directly affected by the molecular rate. all in all the comparisons in the diameter readings of the two acids give notice be found in table 2.All readings for two acids were taken over an increment of 15 minutes for an hour. In total, HCl produced a larger diameter due to its smaller amu. See table 2. In comparing the affects of distilled urine to 10% salt water and the rate of osmosis of an animal cell, the rate of osmosis proved most sufficient in distilled water, rather than in the salt water, with an app arent increase weight distri stillion in the distilled water, and a decrease in weight in the salt water. These multifariousnesss in weight loss and build are exhibited in circuit board 1.Even though it is obvious that both eggs exhibited either weight loss or succeed, both eggs excessively showed a sudden plait it the come upon or loss around the epoch frame of 15 minutes and 45 minutes, however again illustrated in hedge 1. Discussion After conducting the diffusion experiment using agar and examining the results, it is apparent wh at the outcome of diffusion is when comparing HCl and acetic acid atomic weights. It is as well safe to strike the resulting outcomes of future comparisons of two molecules of with different atomic mass units.The use of agar in this specific experiment is much useful due to the properties and characteristics of the extract. The agar, in the presence of an acid, turns from a yellowish subterfuge to one that is intercept; because of this characteristic, it was possible to measure the distance from the center outer of the agar when placed into a dish of HCl and acetic acid (Watson 2011). As explained before, these measurements allowed for sufficient data in determining the rate off diffusion for both acids. bow 2 will provide a visual for the data that was collected from the experiment.In the end, a conclusion was established that the rate of diffusion was most bragging(a) in HCl, the acid with the smallest amu. Simply the definition of diffusion itself will aid in understanding why molecules of a higher molecular weight will percolate s disgrace in comparison to one of a smaller weight. Any substance will diffuse down its parsimony gradient, the region on which the density of a chemical substance decreases (Reece 2011). It is mum that the molecular weight is how much mass a substance has, and mass can be compulsive by how tightly packed particles are-density.A molecule with a high mass, ultimately a high density, will illustrate a s freeze off rate of diffusion. With regards to the cell that is the egg, the rate of osmosis proved to be greater in the distilled water as compared to that of the 10% salt. This is in part due to the size of the particles that make up the egg as well as surround the egg. If there is a higher engrossment of nonpenetrating solutes in the ring solution, consequently water will tend to leave the cell (Reece 2011). This definition provides an understanding of what is happening to the egg when it is submerged into the 10% sal t solution.Comparing the egg to the salt solution, there is a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solute in the salt solution, nonpenetrating being the particles that cannot cross the membrane, and this in bring back allows water to leave the egg which ultimately causes vapor for the egg, resulting in weight loss recorded in display panel 1. The complete opposite is the case for the distilled water which would result in weight gain for the egg. books Cited Fisher, K. , Williams, K. , & Lineback, J. (2011). Osmosis and diffusion conceptual assessment. CBE Life Sciences Education, 10(4), 418-429. doi: 10. 187/cbe. 11-04-0038 Reece, J. B. 2011. Campbell Biology. 9th ed. San Francisco (CA): Pearson Education Inc. 125-139 p. Watson, C. M. (2011). distri plainlyion and osmosis. In Biology 1441 lab: Cellular and Molecular Biology (pp. 76-91). Boston: Pearson nurture Solutions. delays and Figures Figure 1 percentage throw in wait of eggs between 15 minute intervals [pic] |We ight of Egg (grams) | |Time Water 10% Salt | |0 75. 60 91. 65 | |15 76. 00 91. 46 | |30 76. 10 91. 39 | |45 76. 10 91. 5 | |60 76. 10 91. 23 | duck 1 A comparison in weight and limiting of each egg in DI water and a 10% salt solution. | pay off prison term |HCl |Acetic Acid | | |15 min |16 mm |16 mm | | |30 min |18 mm |19 mm | | |45 min |23 mm |22mm | | circuit card 2 ———————†60 min26mm23 mm\r\nDiffusion and Osmosis\r\nKristen Demaline Bio 1113, lab 3: Diffusion and Osmosis Os metre of Plant Cells In this class, we well-educated close hypertonic, hypotonic, and isosmotic solutions. Hypertonic solutions vex a higher concentration of solutes outdoors of the membrane, hypotonic solutions energise a lower concentration of solutes immaterial the membrane, and isotonic solutions have an fair to middling amount of solutes inside and right(prenominal) of the membrane (Morgan & Carter, 66). When the solute concentration is not impact, the water concentration is not equal, so water will turn tail from a higher concentration to a lower concentration in a process called osmosis.In this experiment, we swing 4 pieces of dust coat egg clean stump spud vine vine, weighed them, and let each snare in a different saccharose solution for about(predicate) an hour and a half. Our solutions consisted of distilled water (. 0 saccharose molarity), . 1 saccharose molarity, . 3 saccharose molarity, and . 6 sucrose molarity. Our interrogatory was â€Å"which solutions are hypertonic, which are hypotonic, and which are isotonic? ”. This can all be unflinching through weight reposition. We hypothesized that distilled water would be a hypotonic solution, the . 1M would be a hypotonic solution, the . 3M would be an isotonic solution, and the . 6M would be a hypertonic solution. We purpose that . M would be the isotonic solution because its molarity is in the middle. If . 3M is in fact an isotonic solut ion, then the water concentration is the a resembling inside and external of the membrane and there should be no water transaction resulting in no weight change. If distilled water and . 1M are hypotonic solutions, then the concentration of water is higher on the outside, so water will move into the murphy where water concentration is lower, causing a weight gain. Finally if . 6M is hypertonic, then water concentration is lower on the outside, so water will move from the inside of the albumin white white tater vine vine to the solution, causing the white stump spud to lose weight.After about an hour and a half we took the potato pieces out of the solutions they were soaking in, patted the water off of them, and weighed them for a second time. The initial weight and final weight was recorded, which can be seen in Table 1. The potato piece that was soaking in the distilled water had a 3. 1% weight gain, and the potato piece that was soaking in . 1M sucrose had a 2. 1% weigh t gain. The potato piece had no weight change in the . 3M sucrose solution. And the potato piece that was soaking in . 6M sucrose solution had a 5. 7% weight loss.The weight changes can be easily seen in Graph 1. Table 1: Change in Weight | sucrose Molarity: |0M |0. 1M |0. 3M |0. 6M | |final weight (g) |16. 4 |14. 7 |17. 7 |13. 2 | |initial weight (g) |15. 9 |14. 4 |17. 7 |14 | |weight change (g) |0. 5 |0. 3 |0 |0. 8 | |%change in weight |3. 10% |2. 0% |0% |5. 70% | Graph 1: [pic] As you can see, the results supported our hypothesis. Distilled water is a hypotonic solution, which makes scent out because there is no concentration of solute in it. The water moved to the potato because the potato has more sucrose concentration, gist a lower water concentration. The potato that was soaking in . 1M sucrose solution alike gained weight as an effect of having a lower water concentration inside, but its weight gain percentage was lower because the solution had more solute than the distil led water. The potato soaking in . M sucrose solution had no change because the concentration of sucrose was the same in the potato as it was in the solution, as we predicted. The potato lost weight in the . 6M sucrose solution because the amount of sucrose inside the potato was less than the solution causing water apparent motion from the potato to the solution. These results conductly demonstrate the process of osmosis. The water moved from a region where concentration is higher to a region where concentration is lower in every case, just like it would in a cell. Of course there is always a calamity of human error in weighing, labeling, and so on.One misinterpretation our group made was that we forgot to look at the time when we put the potatoes in the solution, so we took them out a couple minute after the group next to us took theirs out, since we started at about the same time. When our results were compared to the results of other groups, they still seemed to match up. Rep eating the experiment six-fold times would give evening befooler results. Diffusion of Starch, Salt, and Glucose Diffusion is when molecules move from an theatre where they are high in concentration to an force field where they are low in concentration (Morgan & Carter, 66).In this experiment, we attempted the ability of certain substances to pass through a semi-permeable membrane in the process of diffusion. Our semi-permeable membrane was dialysis tubing that was presoaked in water. We tied one end of the tubing with string, filled it with a solution that contained starch, salt, and glucose, and then we tied the other end. We weighed it, so we could afterward weigh it to discover if there was any weight change. We then placed the dialysis tubing into a beaker of distilled water.Our unbelief was â€Å"which of these substances would be able to pass through the dialysis tubing, or semi-permeable membrane? ”. After we let the tubing soak for 30 minutes, we could probe for the presence of starch, salt, and glucose using 3 proves (iodine canvass for starch, argent nitrate test for salt, and benedick’s reagent for glucose). Our hypothesis was that we would find the presence of all three substances in the distilled water. We feeling this because we knew that molecules naturally diffuse when surrounded with an area with less concentration, but we didn’t know how much the semi-permeable membrane would interfere.Our other hypothesis was that water would enter the tubing as substances fly it. We thought that due to osmosis, the water would move from the area of higher concentration (outside the tubing) to the area of lower concentration (inside the tubing). If our hypothesis was correct and all substances made it through the membrane, then we would expect to see the tubing gain weight and the original distilled water test haughty for each substance, using our 3 tests, after the 30 minutes.To carry out the tests we had a decree d hold for each substance. The positive checks allowed us to see the results of the tests when we knew the solution contained the substances being tried for. We filled 3 test provides with the starch/salt/glucose solution (positive obligates) and 3 test underpasss with the distilled water that the dialysis tubing had been soaking in. We put three drops of iodine in a positive realize test tube, and three drops into a distilled water test tube to test for starch.Then we put 5r drops of plate nitrate into a positive statement test tube, and five drops into a distilled water test tube to test for salt. Lastly, we put five drops of benedick’s reagent into a positive pick up test tube, five drops into a distilled water test tube, and placed them both into boiling water to test for glucose. We recorded the colour in of each, which can be found in Table 2. We also weighed the tubing after it had soaked for 30 minutes and recorded it with the initial weight, which can be found in Graph 2. Table 2: Results of Diffusion Tests Test tube |Initial color |Final color | |starch pos suppress |cloudy, white |dark purple | |starch experiment |clear |yellow | |salt pos stamp down |cloudy, white |cloudy, white | |salt experiment |clear |cloudy, white | |glucose pos control |cloudy, white | chromatic | |glucose experiment |clear | orangeness |Graph 2: [pic] If we look at Table 2 we see that we got the same color in the distilled water as we got in the positive control for the salt test and the glucose test, heart that the distilled water tested positive for those substances. For the starch test, the positive control dour dark purple, but the distilled water move yellow, meaning that it tested negative. If these results are correct, then starch was ineffectual to pass through the semi-permeable membrane. This made our hypothesis false, but not completely. We were still correct about the salt and the glucose qualification it throught the membrane.Our other hypothesis was correct. Graph 2 displays a weight gain showing that osmosis occured, like predicted. Just like with every experiment, there is style for human error. In this experiment, a mistake that could easily be made is with tying the ends of the tubing and do sure there is no leaks. That mistake could even go unnoticed leading to false results, because it makes it look like the substances made it through the membrane when in actuallity the substances accidently spilled into the distilled water. I think these experiments were successful in demonstrating diffusion and osmosis.The diffusion experiment clearly showed that substances move down a concentration gradient until concentration is equal everywhere, unless something is holding the substances back, like a membrane. The osmosis experiment showed that water always moves down its concentration gradient also. They both showed a search for balance, or equilibrium, on a level that is hard to see without investigation. Reference s Morgan, J. G. and M. E. B. Carter. 2013. Energy transport and Development research laboratory Manual. Pearson Learning Solutions, Boston, MA.   |Points |Self-Assessment |Total gain | |Introduction |2 | 2 |  | |Results |2 | 2 |  | |Figures/Tables |3 | 3 |  | |Discussion |3 | 3 |  | |Total |10 | 10 |  |\r\nDiffusion and Osmosis\r\nKristen Demaline Bio 1113, Lab 3: Diffusion and Osmosis Osmolarity of Plant Cells In this class, we in condition(p) about hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes outside of the membrane, hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes outside the membrane, and isotonic solutions have an equal amount of solutes inside and outside of the membrane (Morgan & Carter, 66). When the solute concentration is not equal, the water concentration is not equal, so water will move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration in a process called osm osis.In this experiment, we lilt 4 pieces of potato, weighed them, and let each soak in a different sucrose solution for about an hour and a half. Our solutions consisted of distilled water (. 0 sucrose molarity), . 1 sucrose molarity, . 3 sucrose molarity, and . 6 sucrose molarity. Our question was â€Å"which solutions are hypertonic, which are hypotonic, and which are isotonic? ”. This can all be contumacious through weight change. We hypothesized that distilled water would be a hypotonic solution, the . 1M would be a hypotonic solution, the . 3M would be an isotonic solution, and the . 6M would be a hypertonic solution. We thought that . M would be the isotonic solution because its molarity is in the middle. If . 3M is in fact an isotonic solution, then the water concentration is the same inside and outside of the membrane and there should be no water movement resulting in no weight change. If distilled water and . 1M are hypotonic solutions, then the concentration of w ater is higher on the outside, so water will move into the potato where water concentration is lower, causing a weight gain. Finally if . 6M is hypertonic, then water concentration is lower on the outside, so water will move from the inside of the potato to the solution, causing the potato to lose weight.After about an hour and a half we took the potato pieces out of the solutions they were soaking in, patted the water off of them, and weighed them for a second time. The initial weight and final weight was recorded, which can be seen in Table 1. The potato piece that was soaking in the distilled water had a 3. 1% weight gain, and the potato piece that was soaking in . 1M sucrose had a 2. 1% weight gain. The potato piece had no weight change in the . 3M sucrose solution. And the potato piece that was soaking in . 6M sucrose solution had a 5. 7% weight loss.The weight changes can be easily seen in Graph 1. Table 1: Change in Weight |saccharose Molarity: |0M |0. 1M |0. 3M |0. 6M | |fin al weight (g) |16. 4 |14. 7 |17. 7 |13. 2 | |initial weight (g) |15. 9 |14. 4 |17. 7 |14 | |weight change (g) |0. 5 |0. 3 |0 |0. 8 | |%change in weight |3. 10% |2. 0% |0% |5. 70% | Graph 1: [pic] As you can see, the results supported our hypothesis. Distilled water is a hypotonic solution, which makes sense datum because there is no concentration of solute in it. The water moved to the potato because the potato has more sucrose concentration, meaning a lower water concentration. The potato that was soaking in . 1M sucrose solution also gained weight as an effect of having a lower water concentration inside, but its weight gain percentage was lower because the solution had more solute than the distilled water. The potato soaking in . M sucrose solution had no change because the concentration of sucrose was the same in the potato as it was in the solution, as we predicted. The potato lost weight in the . 6M sucrose solution because the amount of sucrose inside the potato was less tha n the solution causing water movement from the potato to the solution. These results clearly demonstrate the process of osmosis. The water moved from a region where concentration is higher to a region where concentration is lower in every case, just like it would in a cell. Of course there is always a adventure of human error in weighing, labeling, and so on.One mistake our group made was that we forgot to look at the time when we put the potatoes in the solution, so we took them out a couple minute after the group next to us took theirs out, since we started at about the same time. When our results were compared to the results of other groups, they still seemed to match up. Repeating the experiment ten-fold times would give even clearer results. Diffusion of Starch, Salt, and Glucose Diffusion is when molecules move from an area where they are high in concentration to an area where they are low in concentration (Morgan & Carter, 66).In this experiment, we tested the ability of certain substances to pass through a semi-permeable membrane in the process of diffusion. Our semi-permeable membrane was dialysis tubing that was presoaked in water. We tied one end of the tubing with string, filled it with a solution that contained starch, salt, and glucose, and then we tied the other end. We weighed it, so we could later weigh it to discover if there was any weight change. We then placed the dialysis tubing into a beaker of distilled water.Our question was â€Å"which of these substances would be able to pass through the dialysis tubing, or semi-permeable membrane? ”. After we let the tubing soak for 30 minutes, we could test for the presence of starch, salt, and glucose using 3 tests (iodine test for starch, silver nitrate test for salt, and Benedict’s reagent for glucose). Our hypothesis was that we would find the presence of all three substances in the distilled water. We thought this because we knew that molecules naturally diffuse when surro unded with an area with less concentration, but we didn’t know how much the semi-permeable membrane would interfere.Our other hypothesis was that water would enter the tubing as substances fly it. We thought that due to osmosis, the water would move from the area of higher concentration (outside the tubing) to the area of lower concentration (inside the tubing). If our hypothesis was correct and all substances made it through the membrane, then we would expect to see the tubing gain weight and the original distilled water test positive for each substance, using our 3 tests, after the 30 minutes.To carry out the tests we had a positive control for each substance. The positive controls allowed us to see the results of the tests when we knew the solution contained the substances being tested for. We filled 3 test tubes with the starch/salt/glucose solution (positive controls) and 3 test tubes with the distilled water that the dialysis tubing had been soaking in. We put three dr ops of iodine in a positive control test tube, and three drops into a distilled water test tube to test for starch.Then we put five drops of silver nitrate into a positive control test tube, and five drops into a distilled water test tube to test for salt. Lastly, we put five drops of Benedict’s reagent into a positive control test tube, five drops into a distilled water test tube, and placed them both into boiling water to test for glucose. We recorded the color of each, which can be found in Table 2. We also weighed the tubing after it had soaked for 30 minutes and recorded it with the initial weight, which can be found in Graph 2. Table 2: Results of Diffusion Tests Test tube |Initial color |Final color | |starch pos control |cloudy, white |dark purple | |starch experiment |clear |yellow | |salt pos control |cloudy, white |cloudy, white | |salt experiment |clear |cloudy, white | |glucose pos control |cloudy, white |orange | |glucose experiment |clear |orange |Graph 2: [pic ] If we look at Table 2 we see that we got the same color in the distilled water as we got in the positive control for the salt test and the glucose test, meaning that the distilled water tested positive for those substances. For the starch test, the positive control turned dark purple, but the distilled water turned yellow, meaning that it tested negative. If these results are correct, then starch was unable to pass through the semi-permeable membrane. This made our hypothesis false, but not completely. We were still correct about the salt and the glucose making it throught the membrane.Our other hypothesis was correct. Graph 2 displays a weight gain showing that osmosis occured, like predicted. Just like with every experiment, there is manner for human error. In this experiment, a mistake that could easily be made is with tying the ends of the tubing and making sure there is no leaks. That mistake could even go unnoticed leading to false results, because it makes it look like th e substances made it through the membrane when in actuallity the substances accidently spilled into the distilled water. I think these experiments were successful in demonstrating diffusion and osmosis.The diffusion experiment clearly showed that substances move down a concentration gradient until concentration is equal everywhere, unless something is holding the substances back, like a membrane. The osmosis experiment showed that water always moves down its concentration gradient also. They both showed a search for balance, or equilibrium, on a level that is hard to see without investigation. References Morgan, J. G. and M. E. B. Carter. 2013. Energy guide and Development Lab Manual. Pearson Learning Solutions, Boston, MA.   |Points |Self-Assessment |Total clear | |Introduction |2 | 2 |  | |Results |2 | 2 |  | |Figures/Tables |3 | 3 |  | |Discussion |3 | 3 |  | |Total |10 | 10 |  |\r\n'