Imperialism Essay -- Imperialism Colonization History Essays

ImperialismWhether for economic, nationalist, or humanitarian reasons, more than powerful nations haveofttimes hinderd with the affairs of weaker nations. These more powerful nations, including theUnited States, Britain, and several European countries, have in the past exploited less fortunate onesfor resources, capital, and knowledge. Yet in homecoming countries located in South America, Africa, andSoutheast Asia have gained the technology and capital that, over a period of time and development,improves their quality of life.One forefront of take hold of could be that imperialism results in oppression and abuse. While this issometimes a temporary side effect of larger nations adopting protectorates, the long term effectsoften take the weaker nation to grow stronger. Even when a country feels they must rebel againsttheir suppressor, they gain a sense of nationalism and independence, resulting in a more translucentculture than before. Why then, should a country have to withdraw from such interference?An another(prenominal) argument could be that only when needed, should a country be involved withanothers affairs. Yet with this point of view most would agree that there would be too muchdiversity in suasion when deciding exactly when help is needed. Also, countries such as Japanwould never have developed, whose primary success was to take the ideas of other nations andbetter them.Stronger countries must interfere in the affairs of weaker nations for the gain of both nations. A more powerful nation sess better its own economy by sharing the resources of other nations andweaker nations are able to obtain an improved standard of living by learning new technologies thatare more advanced than their own. Third world countries can receive food from stronger nationsand heathen nations can learn to be civilized from missionaries. Imperialism also follows the lawsof social Darwinism, where the fitter and more advanced countries must prosper.An excellent physical e xercise of how imperialism can benefit a weaker nation as well as a stronger,more dominant one is the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854. This treaty, forced upon the Japanese bythe Americans, opened up two Japanese ports to foreign trade as well as meeting other demands ofthe Americans. Japans point of view was that by surrendering to the more powerful Americansthey could a... ...nd, resources, and money. Use of thistheory has resulted in the creation of Canada, the United States, and many other former Europeancolonies. By exploiting natives, European nations (primarily Britain and France) were able to createcolonies that bettered their economy. When these colonies became independent and rebelled, itcreated an even more powerful and nationalistic country, the United States. This knew country thencreated a theory using social Darwinism called tell Destiny where Americans believed theywould soon conquer all of North America. Thus the struggle for survival of the fittest went on. These theo ries of Darwinism are easily be used to justify the imperialistic views of more powerfulnations.By learning from the past it is easy to see that nations help each other when imperialismoccurs, and even when oppression of some nations does happen, a stronger, more chauvinistic nationis able to come to power. Through helping themselves, stronger nations are able to create economicconditions beneficial to all nations. Allowing stronger nations to intervene in the matters of weakernations should be back up for the growth of both countries.

The iPod Essay -- Essays Papers

The iPodPerhaps it has escaped your telling, but it seems that recently everyone is jumping on the iPod bandwagon. Those thin white cords seems to dangle from everyones ears, and the tell-tale rectangular bulge is seen in every other back pocket. Well, not only did I notice the bandwagon passing me by daily in the hallways, but I decided to jump on the iPod bandwagon myself. And now the question is, have YOU jumped on the iPod bandwagonThe iPod leads the contemporary revolution in portable digital music, and has come to be one of Apples hottest selling item. Weighing in at just 5.6 ounces and not very much larger than your standard cigarette pack, the iPod is the answer to taking your tunes with you wherever you want to go. That is if you can afford the $299 that youll be set back for a 20GB model, or the $399 youll truelove out for 40GB of iPod magic. But if you just cant squeeze out that kind of cash, you could always settle for the iPod Mini, iPods little sister, that sells fo r $249, and still holds 1,000 songs - thats decorous to get you through a long weekend, or better ye...

I am a rock :: essays research papers

I am a rockWhen reading or listening to poetry, the main objective for me is to feel moved. Happiness, longing, sadness atomic number 18 some of the feelings that can be achieved just by listening to others words. It is within these words that creates some other world, or separates us from our own. Words all have a certain kind of attachment to them, so if utilise properly an author can beset a reader beyond belief. Simon and Garfunkel were just those kinds of poets. Their words were able to stimulate an emotion with most of their readers. Simon and Garfunkel are unrivalled of my favorite artists, and in my opinion sensation of the most influential lyricist of their time. In their song, I am a rock, they are able to misrepresent you feel and question for someone who avoiding steamy attachment, and instead of questioning what it might be like, using their words to but you in their place. From the first stanza of this song, you get redact into a scene. You know almost instan ter that it is about someone, and it is the middle of December, but without stating the obvious, it paints a more illustrated picture for you. The first line states, A winters day, in a turbid and dark December and I could almost immediately feel a cool breeze virtually me. When I normally hold of a winters day, I think of people playing in the snow, and having a good time. This may be because I grew up in grey California where there has been a escape of snow, but in my head, that is what I imagine. Having them state, in a deep and dark December, turns my attitudes to the more pessimistic way of spirit at things. The image of children playing in the snow in my head has now turned to cold and dark emptiness. Reinstating my idea of emptiness, the next line follows with the precisely statement, I am alone. Personally, I hate creation alone. So to have the opening words place us in a deep and dark setting, and then state that you are alone, automatically puts me in a negative mi ndset. Then to further instate his isolation in the next stanza the narrator admits to being the source of his seclusion. The narrator claims to put walls around him, but then goes into it more to say, A fortress deep and mighty.I am a rock essays research papers I am a rockWhen reading or listening to poetry, the main objective for me is to feel moved. Happiness, longing, sadness are some of the feelings that can be achieved just by listening to others words. It is within these words that creates another world, or separates us from our own. Words all have a certain kind of attachment to them, so if used properly an author can stimulate a reader beyond belief. Simon and Garfunkel were just those kinds of poets. Their words were able to stimulate an emotion with most of their readers. Simon and Garfunkel are one of my favorite artists, and in my opinion one of the most influential lyricist of their time. In their song, I am a rock, they are able to make you feel and question for someone who avoiding emotional attachment, and instead of questioning what it might be like, using their words to but you in their place. From the first stanza of this song, you get put into a scene. You know almost immediately that it is about someone, and it is the middle of December, but without stating the obvious, it paints a more illustrated picture for you. The first line states, A winters day, in a deep and dark December and I could almost immediately feel a cool breeze around me. When I normally think of a winters day, I think of people playing in the snow, and having a good time. This may be because I grew up in Southern California where there has been a lack of snow, but in my head, that is what I imagine. Having them state, in a deep and dark December, turns my attitudes to the more pessimistic way of looking at things. The image of children playing in the snow in my head has now turned to cold and dark emptiness. Reinstating my idea of emptiness, the next line follows w ith the simply statement, I am alone. Personally, I hate being alone. So to have the opening words place us in a deep and dark setting, and then state that you are alone, automatically puts me in a negative mindset. Then to further instate his isolation in the next stanza the narrator admits to being the source of his seclusion. The narrator claims to put walls around him, but then goes into it more to say, A fortress deep and mighty.

The Evolution of the Human Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Evolution of the Human BrainAlthough my previous two papers concerned the interplay between neurobiology and genetics, I have not quite worked the issue start to my satisfaction nor to the depth which I think the topic warrants. Therefore, I will again tackle this complex set of biological questions pertaining to the ways in which our genes perform our brains. My first paper dealt with the nature-nurture debate and its relation to the brain-behavior problem raised in class. Then, in the second paper, I moved on to a narrower issue in neurogenetics I wrote ab break Fragile X Syndrome and the ways in which a specific genetic mutation can drastically change behavioral output. I would now like to enlarge the scope of this outlook on genes and the brain to encompass the topic of the evolution of the human brain. Throughout the semester, as we covered sensorial input and motor output, a single neuron and complex motor symphonies, car sickness and dreaming, I have left class wonderin g how argon these behaviors, from the micro-actions of a neuron to the macro-actions of a human being, adaptive? How did large brains and extensive sickening systems come to be selected for? And why have humans, alone, acquired them? Some aspects of these questions seem to abide in the realm of the paleontologists, others, in the realm of the neurogeneticists. They do, however, seem to me to be central to neurobiology. For it is drilled into us that form connotes function, and, perhaps, if we come to understand how and why the human nervous system was formed, we will have a richer understanding of how and why it functions as it does.The work and thoughts of Richard Dawkins, author of The Selfish Gene, have been useful to me in working out the issues of my previous papers, and I will again employ his theory that people are merely survival machines for the genes they carry. This is, I think, a logical argument with which to pay off a discussion of the evolution of the brain, as it reduces evolutionary processes down to the bare bones of living things, that essential material human genes and the DNA comprising them. This viewpoint excludes the manifold semi-philosophical questions pertaining to consciousness, higher thought, and the Self experienced by human beings via their neural processing it primarily addresses the usefulness to human beings of the inordinately large organ contained within the skull.

Views on the Topic of Reeds Book Forest Dweller, Forest Protectors Ess

Views on the Topic of Reeds Book Forest Dweller, Forest Protectors Many of the countries of South America have experienced exhausting balance of payments deficits. In order to encourage development and solve these problems, the governments have engaged in misguided and largely unsuccessful development projects in the rainwater woodwind instruments. Ranchers have cleargond the forests to raise cattle. Colonization projects have brought small farmers into regions that were once virgin forest. The farming practices that were developed in temperate regions are not genuinely successful in these areas. The land is quickly depleted and the farmers and ranchers clear more forest. The authors of this article suggest that this pattern is not necessary. They explain that simply by hobby the molds of sustainable imagination extraction practiced by the innate people of the area, the resources of the rain forest can be utilized sustainably. The areas in which sustainable resource ext raction is being investigated include gathered products, wild game, aquaculture, agriculture, and resource units. The authors explain each type of resource and touch on how each can be extracted sustainably with the help of indigenous models. For example, game animals could be taken from the forest sustainably if they were cropped in a form of semi-domestication in abandoned garden sites (Posey, et al 1984). This would mimic the indigenous people such as the Guaran who are able to keep populations of important game animals artificially high when they allow them to eat food plants out of their gardens. If this model were followed, more animals could be hunted with less harm to the population. Agricultural practices of native peoples could also be copi... ... and used for meat in a sustainable way. I find this point to be highly controversial. Large mammals such as manatees are more vulnerable to over-hunting because their populations are not very dense. Many varieties of tur tles are already endangered in the rain forests because there is too much sediment and pollution in the rivers. I dont think that these species should be considered in sustainable hunting programs. Finally, some of the ideas of these authors, including gathering insects, organizing plantations of fruit bearing trees and keeping animals that eat the fruits on the land as a game farm, and developing resource units seem a little bit far fetched. All of the ideas of this paper do, however, merit careful review. Any use of a rain forest that maintains the biodiversity and all allows the ecosystem to remain intact is better than clear cutting.

Views on the Topic of Reeds Book Forest Dweller, Forest Protectors Ess

Views on the Topic of Reeds Book Forest Dweller, Forest Protectors Many of the countries of South America countenance experienced severe balance of payments deficits. In order to encourage exploitation and solve these problems, the governments have engaged in misguided and largely unsuccessful development projects in the rain forests. Ranchers have cle ard the forests to raise cattle. Colonization projects have brought small farmers into regions that were once virgin forest. The farming practices that were developed in temperate regions are not precise successful in these areas. The land is quickly depleted and the farmers and ranchers clear more forest. The authors of this article suggest that this pattern is not necessary. They explain that only when by following the models of sustainable resource extraction practiced by the indigenous people of the area, the resources of the rain forest can be utilized sustainably. The areas in which sustainable resource extraction is b eing investigated include gathered products, wild game, aquaculture, agriculture, and resource units. The authors explain all(prenominal) type of resource and touch on how each can be extracted sustainably with the help of indigenous models. For example, game animals could be taken from the forest sustainably if they were cropped in a form of semi-domestication in abandoned garden sites (Posey, et al 1984). This would mimic the indigenous people such as the Guaran who are able to keep populations of important game animals artificially high when they allow them to eat sustenance plants out of their gardens. If this model were followed, more animals could be hunted with less harm to the population. Agricultural practices of native peoples could also be copi... ... and used for meat in a sustainable way. I find this point to be highly controversial. Large mammals such as manatees are more vulnerable to over-hunting because their populations are not very dense. Many varieties of turtles are already endangered in the rain forests because there is too much sediment and pollution in the rivers. I dont think that these species should be considered in sustainable hunting programs. Finally, some of the ideas of these authors, including gathering insects, organizing plantations of fruit bearing trees and keeping animals that eat the fruits on the land as a game farm, and developing resource units seem a little bit far fetched. All of the ideas of this paper do, however, merit careful review. Any use of a rain forest that maintains the biodiversity and all allows the ecosystem to remain intact is better than clear cutting.

Fate or Free will Romeo and Juliet Essay

Fate Is it just an exc aim?Excuses atomic number 18 something people use to clear themselves or others of the blame of their own foolish actions. In Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, it is not mint, but impulsive and desperate actions that bring about the downfall of Romeo and Juliet. In the Victorian era, fate was known as the development of events out of human control, and determined by a supernatural power. By no means was the destruction of Romeo and Juliet out their control. It happened because of the choices they themselves to make.Romeo always blames his own reckless actions on fate. Romeo is warned not to go to the masquerade party but tells fate to steerage of his course and direct his drag and goes anyway. Romeo knows himself that he will die if he goes but still chooses to go. Romeo decides that whatever happens is up to fate and its completely out of his control. Also, after killing Tybalt, he calls himself Fortunes fool and realizes he will be punished severely (Rom 3.1 .142). Romeo is basically says he is a subject to the whims of fate. He thinks fate is performing around with him and not taking responsibility for what he himself did. However when he hears of Juliets death Romeo tries to keep back the stars and kills himself (5.1.25). Romeo is taking responsibility for his actions by trying to defy his fate and finally taking thing into his own hands. This doesnt work, since he didnt bother to check if Juliet was still alive and just kills himself in his move to be together with her, even if its in death. Romeo uses fate to justify his actions and say that a power outside of his control fueled his action, but or else everything was just his impulsive choices.Juliet makes reckless and impulsive actions knowing very well what the consequences could be, and then blames it on her unavoidable fate. When Juliet first sees Romeo at the party, Juliet tells the nurse to go solicit for his name. If he be married and says that her grave is like to be her wedding bed, foreshadowing her own death (1.5.148). Juliet wants to know if Romeo is married, and she is just a thirteen year old girl who saw Romeo the first time in her life. Juliet is the one that eventually proposes to Romeo, and she does this knowing to be married means her own death. When Romeovisits Juliet on her balcony that night, she says she has no joy of this contract tonight, it is too rash, too unadvised, and too sudden about Romeo swearing his love to her. Even before they are married, Juliet already knows their actions are impulsive. Combined with the fact that she even foreshadows her own death, she still rashly decides to marry Romeo. This wedding was by her own choice and not like the one where her parents troops her to marry Paris. In addition, after Romeo leaves Juliet after their only night together, Juliet pleads to fate to be fickle, and to not keep him long, but to send him back to her (3.5.63). She to a fault hopes that since Romeo is renownd for faith un like fate (which is fickle) fortune should be kind to him. She is excusing his killing of her cousin Tybalt with the fact that fate is unreliable and unpredictable. It wasnt fate being unpredictable, it was Romeo losing his cool and acting rashly. Juliet shows that she knows the consequences of her actions, but goes forth with them anyways. mendicant Lawrences reckless actions brought together the deaths, and he blames them on fate. When Friar John tells him that the letter couldnt be sent, Frair Lawrence decides to blame it on unhappy fortune and not himself (5.2.17). He is a grown man, but decides to let Friar John travel just to deliver the message. Instead of sending the message himself, he gives the crutial task to people that arent even involved. Knowing this, he blames his own blatant fault on fate being unhappy. Also, when Friar Lawrence walks in to see both Paris and Romeo dead, he says it is lamentable chance that they are dead (5.3.151). Again, fate is blamed for somethi ng easy avoided. He is saying that it was out of his control that the two died, but Frair Lawrence was the one who married them and masterminded the plan in the first place. Not only that, when Juliet awakens the Friar tells her a power greater than they can contradict has thwarted their intents and as a result, Romeo is now dead (5.3.158). When he talks about a power that could not be resisted he is talking about fate and how fate ruined the plan to reunite Romeo and Juliet. He was the one that botched the sending of the message to Romeo. The Friar just doesnt take any responsibility at all for his actions and opts instead to blame uncontrollable forces.Throughout Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, the characters own impetuous and overstrung choices, not fate, bring about the deaths. Characters repeatedly used fate as an excuse by saying the series of events were completely out of their control. In contrast, everything could pass been avoided if the characters just decided to think r ationally. By having them blame fate, Shakespeare is asserting that people need to take responsibility for their own actions. They should realize it is their own choices that affect the future, not fate. Peoples destinies can be changed, and it is not predetermined by an all-powerful force.

A Brief Overview of World War I

The World War 1 conflict began in 1914 to 1918. It started as a nearby European fight between Austria-Hungary and Serbia on July 28th 1914. It trans organise into a general European struggle by declaration of the following nations cognise as the Allies and the Associated Powers Great britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United states. These nations defied the coalition(central powers). The assassination at Sarajevo in bosnia immediately caused the war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia on June 28th 1914. The Triple Entente was involved in the first world war along with the Triple Alliance.The Triple concretion was formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in 1882. These Countries agreed to assist each other if attacked by either France or Russia. In WW1, Germany attacked France which caused the Triple alliance to support them in in that location war. Russia, who feared the growth in the German army, joined up with Britain and France which eventually formed the Triple Entente . The Russian Government was also very cautious and concerned about the possibility of Austria-Hungary increasing the size of their armys population.One of the causes of World War was that they make all the aforementioned items join in the war (alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism) and then was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, him and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist darn they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia which was part of Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary was in protest of having control of this region. Serbia wanted Herzegovina and Bosnia to belong to them. This assassination led to Serbia being declared of war by Austria-Hungary.When Russia began to mobilize because of its alliance with Serbia, Germany quickly declared war on Russia. This expanded the war including all those involved in the mutual defense alliances. Another cause was Nationalism. Bosnia and Herzegovina no weeklong wanted to be part of Austr ia-Hungary but instead be part of Serbia because most of the origin of the war was based on the desire of the Slavic peoples. nationalism led directly to the War in this way. The nationalism of countries throughout Europe contributed to the extension of the war and the beginning- in a general way.Each country essay to prove their dominance and power through this. The Battle of Gallipoli was one of the major events that occurred in WW1. This battle began in 1915. By the spring, it sunk stalemate as there was combat on the Western Front. Trenches that stretched from the English channel to the swiss border, there were Enemy troops basically staring at each other. Neither opposite word could outflank its enemy resulting in costly direct attacks on well-fortified defenses. Movement of each sides were predicted at the beginning of the conflict had devolved into deadly war(or stagnation).The Battle of Verdun is some other major event caused it WW1. it is considered the greatest and leng thiest battle in world history. There has never been a more lengthy battle such as this one, involving so many men, situated on such a tiny piece of land. The battle of Verdun lasted from 21 February 1916 until 19 December 1916 caused over an estimated 700,000 casualties (dead, wounded and missing). The area wasnt even ten square kilometres. There can be no justification for these losses from a strategic point of view.The battle transformed into a matter of prestige of two nations literally for the sake of fighting Economic change Technology and weapons experienced a great boost after the war, as the production of automobiles, airplanes, radios, guns, weapons of mass destruction(WMA), and even certain chemicals, boosted wildly. The advantages of mass production and the use of machinery to perform former human labor tasks and encounters, proved to stimulate the economy, the United States in for example.Much of Europe suffered eye opening losses of property and landscape as well as f inances. Europe had the respect of the world as a very reliable money-lender by 1914. Yet just four years later, Europe was in danger for their greatly in debt to her allies for their financial contributions towards the war effort, owing them round about $10 billion. For them to pay back their allies, Many of the European governments began to rapidly print a lot of money, only to subject their countries to a period of inflation.The middle class members who had been living rather comfortably on investments started to experience a bumpy financial period. Germany was hit the hardest in struggling impairment with the war reparations, and the German mark drastically lowered the inflation value. In 1923,No more than three months into that year, the German mark boosted from 4. 6 million marks to the dollar mark to 4. 2 trillion marks to the German dollar. It occurred that the inflation knew it had no bounds.

College Education Essay

College education essentially is the key to success in the future. It opens many doors of opportunity and allows us to explore both option available. College education slew provide a student with many more new and exciting opportunities that they never would have had if they drop out at high school. College education is important because you need a degree in order to get a good job or a perpetual c arer. Id like to talk of some of the benefits that furthering your education can provide.It is common for students in high school to wonder if college education is really important. many high school students dont enjoy their school life, so it is little wonder that when they have the chance to leave education many of them are tempted. However the importance of college education, as well as the huge differences to high school, should not be overlooked. Many students dont know what they penury to do with their life yet, thats why I feel everyone should go to college.In college you can le arn about things you are really interested in and pinpoint what you want to do in life. In high school you cant really do this so many students dont know the opportunities they can fulfill. Lastly, these days if you dont have a college education its likely that you wont make it very far in life. Businesses today only want the smartest people working for them, so they always overlook the drop outs and people that never went to college.If you want to make a good tot up of money and be successful I strongly encourage you to go to college and get a good education. I would say this is the most important intellect to go to college. In todays economy I believe going to college is the best decision you can make. having a good education has so many great aspects.Never overlook getting a quality education, it will always do you good in the longrun.

Employee Training and Management Essay

It is healthy for the operation of the barter to pass, although not that frequent, an evaluation of our co-employee/s for the betterment of the organisation as a whole. With this, the comp each could attain its goals with fewer hindrances and achieve impressive product in a shorter period of time. This paper aims to create a Coaching and Performance Improvement Analysis to my chief operating officer, to whom I work as a secretary, in order to provide us with facts on how our CEO influence his subordinates as puff up as on the manner he foregather his duties in the ac connection.I have been a secretary to the CEO in our compevery for ab appear ten years and I think that span of staying present is enough for me to give criticism or opinion regarding the professionalism of my bosses with regards to performing his duties and responsibilities. The current CEO of the company has been in his position for about 6 months. Since he is the virtuoso responsible for almost all of the op erational details of the company, it is a must for us to know how competitive he is. The future of the company depends on him and any incompetence could lead to any losses not only to the company but as well as to the employees.During the recent months, the company has been experiencing down turns in the sales and profits. Even if the various units of the company are doing their job well, still, our target market continuous declines every single day. After conducting the investigation, the company officials found out that the problem boils down to the office of the CEO. The specific problem would be the CEO of the company took a couple of time planning for the instructions that must be given to the various units of the company as well as forwarding them to the vice-presidents of various units.Basically, the officers of the various units know the problem exists that is why they conducted an investigation to pin head up the root of the problem. They likewise know the achievement ex pectation that a CEO must fulfill in order to lead such complex company that covers wide operational service. This action guinea pigd delays in the daily operation of the business, thus, made the customers disappointed with the current surgical operation of the company which before leads the market with providing rescue services to most of the cities in America.There are no hindrances outside the organization/teams control that be actives the performance of the CEO. Coaching Analysis Flow chart This flow chart is being used as a strategic tool used to find out if we have to proceed in the performance improvement action and to identify the extent to which we can proceed in the performance improvement process. This is being used mainly to assist in the performance improvement process (Brocato).I believe that the problem is worth solving at since it already concerns the future of the business with regards to its performance to the market. The CEO of any company is the one that is responsible for the delicate operations aspects of the business and the source of most of the decisions that should be done by various units in order to achieve their goals and growth to have market stability. If this problem would not be solve, there give come a time wherein customers would no longer avail the services of the company, thus, could cause much to a greater extent problem to the company.The competition now a day in the industry of delivery services is very tight due to the lucrativeness in this eccentric person of business. Companies such as UPS and DHL are just a few of the threats to the company that needed much attention. With this, there is no room for any errors or incompetence on the part of any members of the company. Stockholder of the company could pull out their shares due to the risks involving the stability of the organization. It is much better it this problem would be treated right away so as to avoid any further complications and losses.The postponem ent in the imposition of the CEO with the specific plans per unit of the business cause delays in the operational process of the organization as a whole, specifically, the plan for the imposition of new delivery strategies to compete with the emerging delivery companies in the market. As based from the behavior of the market for the past years, they tend to easily shift their loyalty to those companies that can offer services that conform to their needs and type of living (Killoran). In short, innovative products are the one that gains market acceptance.Therefore, it is a must for the company to be on time with the delicate operational aspects of the organization so as not to be over shadowed by other companies belonging to the same industry. Every step in the operational process is all-important(a) and requires constant observation on the part of the CEO so as to have a basis in conducting plans and strategies for the company. Therefore, it is a must to have a competitive and effi cient CEO for the company to achieve their goals and stability in the market. The CEO fails to make new system regarding the imposition of an innovative delivery strategy that would attract more customers.The only reason that I can see here for the incompetence of the new CEO is his lack of experience. Six months in the position would not be enough for him to familiarize himself with the regular operations of the business and on what is the market trend in the economy. The CEO of the company also did become extra confident with the market status of the company during the years before his assume the position of being the CEO. Because of this, he was not able to introduce the stability of the company and only cause chaos in the financial as well as to the sales of the company.Stockholders panicked because of the undertakings of the CEO as well as his performance with regards to performing its functions well. We can now see the effect of having an incompetent person handling a very d elicate position of in an organization. The stake of the stockholders, employees and the clients that put their trust to the company for many years is in danger. With regards to the job structure of the organization, I believe that his roles and involvement to various aspects of operations has contributed to his inefficiency as the top manager of the organization.I believe that he is not yet ready to shoulder many responsibilities and must delegate just about task to eye and lower level managers. His role as the main icon of the organization requires him to appear in public to represent the whole organization could also be a contributing factor for him not to finish his responsibilities well. During the recent months, he had to travel to some places in America to generate additional stockholder to finance the plan of expanding the company into some states in America.With this, he spends less time in his office while the employees of the organization wait for the next step that the y will do. This is one of the disadvantages of an organization that relies most on their CEO they lack initiatorys to make suggestions for their respective areas of concern so as to lessen the responsibility of their top manager. Moreover, having initiative to plan for the welfare of the middle managers area of concern helps they develop their abilities since they have to use their creativity in making strategies and decisions.If they only follow the command of the CEO and not suggesting other strategies with which they think more beneficial than with the plan of the CEO, then, the organization would really become stagnant and can be considered as a one-man-team organization. As for the managerial behavior, the CEO of the organization lacks the ability to encourage his subordinates to use their creativity to make plans regarding some small aspects of the operation of the business.With this, the responsibility of the CEO would be diminish and can now concentrate to more delicate as pects of the operation of the organization. On the subject of the personality of the CEO towards the fulfillment of his responsibilities, I think, this overconfidence regarding the organization has lead the company to this problematic situation. Because of this personality of the CEO, his concentration towards the attainment of the organizational goal is not that enough for the customers avail our services.Regarding the question on whether the proposed solution of delegating some responsibilities to lower and middle level managers, I think that it would only costs less time and money since the implementation of this strategy will only affect a small part of the time of those managers. Besides, they are the one must know what is happening in their area of concern, thus, they have most of the information as compared to the CEO of the company. With this solution, the problem can be addressed and would only take a few weeks to experience the positive effects to the company.Proposed Solu tion For the CEO to have enough time to concentrate to those more delicate aspects of the organization, he should pass some of the planning responsibility to the various units of the company (Jackson). For instance, the problem regarding the marketing strategy of the organization, the CEO could assign the vice president to marketing of the company to deals the said problem since the said person has more knowledge with regards to conducting market analysis and has more experience regarding capturing the tastes of their target customers.This solution need not to conduct any trainings or could cause much costs to the company since this solution only delegates the tasks that is think to each units of the organization. This solution would also develop the sense of creativity of the middle and lower level managers since they have to think unique strategy and plans so as to gain large share of market in the industry. This will also help them boost their morale since they will start to fee l that they are important in the organization and has a part in attaining their goals and targets in the whole operational process.

Emerging Markets in International Business

pic Introduction The buzz words in the fall outside(a) craft are India and chinaware. They jointly account for 2. 4 billion deal in the knowledge base i. e. about 40% of the worlds population, and an estimated future GDP growth of 8-10%. Modern economists believe that the future of international vocation lies in the economies of emerging food markets worry India, china, Iraq, Brazil, Africa etc. Economist Thomas L Friedman has rightly said that there are three technological events that turn out contributed to the growth of these economies- The Personal Computer, through and through which individuals could contract authors of their own content in digital form.The Internet that provides the convenience of sending information to any part of the world. Lastly Software Manufacturing which has made everyones calculator interoperable. Convergence of these technologies have made economies which were once underscored as Third World Economies as the emerging hubs for Internati onal Business. However these economies are faced with new challenges when competing globally, much(pre noun phrase) as lack of substructure, quality in education and corporate g all overnance.The challenges that showcase their weakness can be an investment opportunity, thus making them viable markets cost venturing into. Objective Our study foc usages on the significance and impact of new markets in international trade on countries, companies and as well on individuals. This study provide also aim at understanding the trade problems faced by them in this area and to propose ways and measures to tackle them. Methodology Our methodology comprises of information search, observations, questionnaires and whimsey interviews with industrial experts and faculties.Various statistical measures will also be employ to analyse the data. Outcome of the research Through this study, we intend to bring out the diametrical roles of emerging markets in international trade. These measures are take outn via questionnaires opinion of industrial experts, faculties specialized in international business and pre dominantly from few exporters who focus on international trade. We believe that the outcome of this study will help the corporate and individuals to prepare themselves to overcome the problems they are facing in the emerging battlegrounds of international trade.INTRODUCTION The verge emerging markets is used to describe a nations social or business action mechanism in the process of rapid growth and industrialization. The Center for Knowledge Societies defines emerge Economies as those regions of the world that are experiencing rapid informationalization under conditions of chokeed or partial industrialization. Currently, there are approximately 28 emerging markets in the world, the largest cosmos those of India and mainland mainland china. Examples of other emerging markets include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Russia, some Arab Gulf States and South Africa .The rapid integration into world markets by six of the largest non-OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) economies (Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, chinaware and South Africa, together known as the BRIICS) was an Copernican component of globalisation during the past two decades. Economic incentives across world markets and in the BRIICS in particular, have been aligned much closely with countries and businesses genuine strengths. From the past few decades, all of the BRIICS have opened their economies significantly and improved their connectedness to world trade networks.The substantial reduction of trade barriers at the border can be seen, for example, in the crepuscule of the average applied tariffs on non- rustic products. However, the pace varied across these countries. Dispersion of tariffs also fell, contribute to a elevate reduction in stinting distortion. However, in this study we focus on the emerging engines in the Asian Business India an d china, which together accounts for 2. 5 billion people, China and India are today the driving forces of growth in the midst of rapid economic transformation in the global scrimping.The Composite principal Indicators (CLI) designed to provide earlier signals of turning points in business cycles, rose by 0. 4 point for India in April 2009, and 0. 9 for China. For much of human history, what China and India had in common was the fact that they were the richest nations on earth. Long before Europe emerged, China and India had higher standards of living and more numerous technical and scientific inventions. barely starting in the early nineteenth century this began to dramati battle cryy change with two countries experiencing a long relative decline, eclipsed ultimately by Europe and atomic number 7 America.By mid twentieth century, both countries were relatively poor. The reversal of Chinas fortunes began in 1978 when Deng Xiao Ping came to power and instituted market orient ated economic policies and that of India began in the early 1990s when, in response to a financial crisis, the disposal reversed decades of socialistic policies and began a gradual path toward market orientation. Since those policy reversals, both countries have grown rapidly. For the commencement ceremony time since the early nineteenth century, they have expanded their component of global GDP. picFigure 1 Global GDP share expressed as a percentage from 1600-2001 for the key players in global parsimoniousness. Global investment firm, Moodys say that driven by regenerate growth in India and China, the world economy is beginning to recover from one of the worst economic downturns in decades. The Chinese GDP has risen by 7. 9 per cent era that of India has grown by 6. 1 per cent in the April-June 2009-10 periods. Moodys has now revised Indias growth forecast to 6. 4 per cent for the current fiscal. FACTORS AFFECTING CHINAS GROWTH International trade makes up a sizeable portion of Chinas overall economy.The course of Chinas irrelevant trade has experienced considerable transformations since the early 1950s. In 1950 more than 70 percent of the total trade was with non- communistic countries, but by 1954, a year after the end of the Korean War, the situation was completely reversed, and trade with Communist countries s aliked at about 75 percent. POLITICAL REFORMS The Chinese miserliness was on the forefront of economic greatness under the periods of Mao Zedong from 1949 1978 who introduced the Great Leap Forward under this economy, the country was a commutationly planned economy.Though this idea of planned economy was inculcated in the economy, the intervention of nominate in gardening led to massive corruption, ultimately leading to the deaths of millions of people due to starvation. Market Oriented Mixed deliverance This led to a period rule under Deng Xiaoping , who introduced the market oriented mixed economy-based on private property . Under this o rganization China saw much growth in both national and international trade. Farmlands were privatized and agriculture was now a concern of both the fix and the individual.A market economy is an economy based on the di deal of labor in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system set by supply and demand. This is often contrasted with a planned economy, in which a central government determines the price of goods and services using a frozen(p) price system. Market economies are also contrasted with mixed economy where the price system is not entirely free but under some government control or are heavily regulated and may sometimes be combined with state-led economic planning. SOCIAL REFORMSAnother area which is pivotal in the area of growth is the social and cultural condition which is important to enhance the growth. One Child Policy This is a measure which was started in China to maintain the population explosion in China. Chinas one child family p olicy, which was first announced in 1979, has remained in place despite the extraordinary political and social changes that have occurred over the past two decades. It emerged from the belief that development would be compromised by rapid population growth and that the sheer size of Chinas population together with its young age structure presented a unique challenge.Most population growth rate targets were abandoned in the early 1980s, and from 1985 the official goal was to keep the population at around 1. 2 billion by 2000. Protection for Private Property Rights Prior to 1978, private will power of property was not encouraged at any cost. However later the government started to proportionate and distribute private property. Harmonious Society This is a socio-economic vision that is said to be the ultimate end termination of Chinese leader Hu Jintaos signature ideology of the Scientific Development Concept.It serves as the ultimate goal for the notion Communist Party of China alo ng with Xiaokang society, which aims for a basically well-off middle-class oriented society. First proposed by the Chinese government under the Hu-Wen electric pig during the 2005 National Peoples Congress, the idea changed Chinas focus from economic growth to overall societal balance and harmony. Grasping the Large and Letting the Small Go Policy These reforms (1996) include efforts to corporatize state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and to downsize the state vault of heaven.The grasping the large component indicated that policy-makers should focus on maintaining state control over the largest state-owned enterprises (which tended to be controlled by the central government). Letting the small go meant that the central government should relinquish control over smaller state-owned enterprises. Relinquishing control over these enterprises took a variety of forms giving local governments authority to structure the firms, privatizing them, or shutting them down. ECONOMIC REFORMSOne of the main factors which contributed to the economic growth of China was the Economic liberalization which was started in 1978. Its economy changed into a market oriented mixed economy. They implemented several instruments to increase their economic growth. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) China was the first country to introduce SEZs and they fol unhopefuled a western flare of management which resulted in survival of best in the market. It is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a countrys typical economic laws.The category SEZ covers a broad range of more specific zone types, including Free Trade Zones (FTZ), Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Free Zones (FZ), Industrial Estates (IE), Free Ports, urban Enterprise Zones and others. Usually the goal of a structure is to increase external direct investment by foreign investors. Special Economic Zones were founded by the central government under Deng Xiaoping in the early 1980s. The most successful Special Econ omic Zone in China, Shenzhen, has developed from a small village into a city with a population over 10 million within 20 age.Five Year Plans The economy was shaped by the Chinese Communist Party through the plenary sessions of the Central Committee and national congresses. The party plays a leading role in establishing the foundations and principles of Chinese communism, mapping strategies for economic development, prospect growth targets, and launching reforms. Planning is a key characteristic of centralized, communist economies, and one plan established for the entire country normally contains detailed economic development guidelines for all its regions.China is in its 11th Five year plan guideline (2006-2010) Private Ownership With production being introduced in the agricultural sector, private ownership of production assets became legal, although many major non-agricultural and industrial facilities were still state-owned and centrally planned. The government also encouraged n on-agricultural activities, such as village enterprises in rural areas, set aheadd more self-management for state-owned enterprises, increased competition in the marketplace and facilitated direct contact among Chinese and foreign calling enterprises.The development of the private sector was allowed and was permitted to compete with state firms in a number of service sectors, and increasingly in al-Qaida operations, such as construction. Foreign direct Investment China has principal attractions like low-cost labor and an enormous domestic market of more than 1. 2 billion consumers. The investment climate has been opened up gradually. In the 1980s, foreigners were restricted to export-oriented joint ventures with Chinese firms.In the early 1990s, they were allowed to manufacture goods for sale in the domestic Chinese market and by the mid-1990s the establishment of wholly foreign-owned enterprises was permitted. Chinas entre to the WTO forces the government to open up the servic es sector. In 2004, China being one of the fastest-growing economies in the world attracted actual FDI of more than US$60. 6 billion, up 13 per cent from the previous year. As of 2009, China has around US$ 80 billion alone-the highest FDI in the world.Chinese economic foreplay plan The excitant package announced by the central government of the Peoples Republic of China on 9 November 2008 was its biggest move to stop the global financial crisis from hitting the worlds ternary largest economy. The State Council had approved a plan to invest 4 trillion Yuan in infrastructure and social benefit by the end of 2010. The stimulus package will be invested in key areas such as housing, rural infrastructure, transportation, health and education, environment, industry, disaster rebuilding, income-building, tax cuts and finance.Export Driven economic system Chinas export was US $0. 30 trillion higher than its imports. The country mainly drives the economy through its exports. It also had a healthy Foreign substitution Reserve of US $ 2. 1 trillion and is the 3rd largest GDP with $4. 4 trillion. Government Owned Banks One of the reasons that China was able to drive its economy through exports was because of the efficient cont axial motion of the bullion supply by the banks, even in the midst of recession. China has not let its banking system run roughshod over its productive economy.Chinese banks work for the people rather than the reverse. China hasnt allowed its banking sector to become so powerful, so influential, and so large that it can call the shots or highjack the bailout. In simple terms, the government preferred to answer to its people and put their interests first before any vested interest or group. And that is why Chinese banks are lending to the people and their businesses in record numbers. The Chinese stimulus was large compared to the U. S. and has been much more effectively channeled into employment than that in the U. S.Manufacturing as a low-cos t producer China is well known for its low cost products. The production rates of electronics and other goods are the lowest in China when compared to other countries, which is mainly because of the low cost of production by the manufacturer. The methods used in production such as poke-yoke (error free) have helped them to attain low be in production. Another reason for low cost production is the cheap labor available in China. substructure The infrastructure facilities provided by government to the companies contributed vastly to their growth.The period since 1978 saw rapid industrialization from 53% in 1981 to 8% in 2001. FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAS GROWTH POLITICAL REFORMS India celebrated 60 years of Independence on August 15, 2007. It is now the aid fastest growing major economy, after China. It has also caught media attention because companies like Tata Steel acquired Corus India is now the second largest investor by number of projects in London and Mr. L. N. Mittal an India n owns the largest steel company in the world.Visionary Leaders It all began in 1947, the year of Independence, where Indias first prime minister Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru chose Democracy which was imitate on Westminster. The Soviet Union however presented an economic model that appealed in terms of growth. The Planned Economy Self sufficiency and fear of economic dependence on foreigners after two centuries of overseas rule shaped early thinking at Independence. Nehru modeled the economy on Soviet socialist lines of central control and state-run heavy-industry firms dominating the economy to avoid reliance on the West.The License Raj During the 1950-1990, in order to promote self sufficiency policies of high import tariffs and duties, controls on production through licenses, public sector monopolies and isolating India to the outside world were followed. The unintended results were a pinion economy. Poor economic growth resulted due to the economy stifled by licensing, socialist red tape, excessive bureaucracy and regulation (the License Raj). Many state run monopolies were run by bureaucrats with little commercial experience. Corruption was nurtured.Private industry was starved of badly gather uped funds that went to state-run firms, often loss makers. The result was the poor allocation of scarce resources to unproductive channels. Competition was curbed and consumers fared badly. Balance of Payments crisis in 1991 Crisis in 1991 pushed the country to near bankruptcy. In return for an IMF bailout, gold was transferred to London as collateral, the rupee devalued and economic reforms were forced upon India. That low point was the catalyst required to transform the economy through badly needed reforms to unshackle the economy.Controls started to be dismantled, tariffs, duties and taxes progressively lowered, state monopolies broken, the economy was opened to trade and investment, private sector enterprise and competition were encouraged and globalisation wa s slowly embraced. The reforms process continues today and is accepted by all political parties, but the speed is often held hostage by coalition politics and vested interests. SOCIAL REFORMS Agriculture India ranks second worldwide in enhance output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounted for 16. % of the GDP in 2007, employed 60% of the total workforce and despite a steady decline of its share in the GDP, it is still the largest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic development of India. The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds after 1965 and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation known collectively as the Green Revolution, provided the increase in production needed to make India self-sufficient in food grains, thus improving agriculture in India.Removing Socio- Economic Barriers The biggest challenge in the period of LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) in 1991 was the removal of social and economic barriers, through a variety of measures which included family planning, economic welfare programmes, women empowerment initiatives, midday meal scheme, Rural Employment guarantee scheme, Compulsory Education, Unions intervention in the State etc. Mixed Economy India has adopted the concept of a mixed economy, in which both the private and public enterprises are given freedom to co-exist.Prior to 1991, the country was grappling itself with friendless bureaucracy, which tried to hamper the growth in India leading widening gaps in the Indian culture. Population Conscious A country with a billion mark in population has started to tread on a road in order to reduce the population. Families are encouraged to have 2-3 children, and the government is not too keen on an impenitent restriction in childbirth like China. Progressive Economy India is a progressive economy, where emphasis is made on the peoples growth.All laws of the country are spearheaded to ma king India a better place for Indians to live in. Government controls have been reduced on foreign trade and investment privatization of domestic output has proceeded slowly but steadily over the years. ECONOMIC REFORMS India Inc s stupendous growth can be attributed to India Economic square away earnest in July 1991. The balance of payments crisis opened the way for an International Monetary Fund (IMF) program that led to major India Economic Reform .The foreign-exchange reserves healed quickly and arrested the crisis related IMF and World Bank. Some of these factors which influenced the reforms were Balance Of Payments Crisis Balance of Payments crisis in 1991 pushed the country to near bankruptcy. In return for an IMF bailout, gold was transferred to London as collateral, the Rupee devalued and economic reforms were forced upon India. That low point was the catalyst required to transform the economy through badly needed reforms to unshackle the economy.Controls started to be dismantled, tariffs, duties and taxes progressively lowered, state monopolies broken, the economy was opened to trade and investment, private sector enterprise and competition were encouraged and globalization was slowly embraced. Revenue Deficit Indias biggest problem arose out of the fact that it had huge revenue deficits. From 1950- 1980, the budget was characterized by Revenue surplus and Capital account deficits. The governments voluntarily allowed Revenue deficits use.It was caused by excessive employment in the government sector, mounting subsides, growing interest burden, unequal pricing of goods and services by the private sector. They tackled the problem by downsizing the employees in the public sector. monetary deficit The measures to reduce the fiscal measures were started in 1991 1992. They initially reduced the fertilizer and food subsides. Then in 1995 the government reduced public expenditure in social welfare. Deficit Financing The concept of printing currencies was curbed in tackling problems of Fiscal financing, which was in fact crippling the economy by the means of unwanted money supply.RBIs measures The RBI managed to control the money supply in India by Bank rate, Cash reserve ratio, and by Open market operation. task Reforms Expanding the tax base by including the service sector. Reducing the rates of direct taxes in India Abolishing Export subsides Lowering import duties Value Added tax Tax incentives for Infrastructure and Exports Special Economic Zones is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a countrys typical economic laws.An SEZ is a trade might development tool, with the goal to promote rapid economic growth by using tax and business incentives to attract foreign investment and technology. Today, there are approximately 3,000 SEZs operating in 120 countries, which account for over US$ 600 billion in exports and about 50 million jobs. By offering allow terms, SEZs attract investment an d foreign exchange, spur employment and boost the development of improved technologies and infrastructure. There are 13 functional SEZs and about 61 SEZs, which have been approved and are under the process of establishment in India.The SEZ policy was first introduced in India in April 2000, as a part of the Export-Import (EXIM) policy of India. Considering the need to enhance foreign investment and promote exports from the country and realizing the need that level playing field must be made available to the domestic enterprises and manufacturers to be competitive globally Divestment The government also started the process of divesting which is a way by which the government reduces its interest in assts for financial objectives. It is mostly done so that the companies would divulge their interests in its core businesses.Chinese Experience The reforms in Indias foreign investment and external trade sectors followed the Chinese experience with external economic reforms. In the industr ial sector, industrial licensing was cut, leaving only 18 industries subject to licensing. Industrial regulation was rationalized. Abolishing in 1992 the Controller of Capital Issues which decided the prices and number of shares that firms could issue. Introducing the SEBI Act of 1992 and the guarantor Laws (Amendment) which gave SEBI the legal authority to register and regulate all security market intermediaries. Starting in 1994 of the National Stock Exchange as a computer-based trading system which served as an instrument to leverage reforms of Indias other stock exchanges. The NSE emerged as Indias largest exchange by 1996. Reducing tariffs from an average of 85 percent to 25 percent, and rolling back quantitative controls. (The rupee was made convertible on trade account. ) Encouraging foreign direct investment by increasing the utmost limit on share of foreign nifty in joint ventures from 40 to 51 percent with 100 percent foreign equity permitted in anteriority sectors . Streamlining procedures for FDI approvals, and in at least 35 industries, automatically approving projects within the limits for foreign participation. Opening up in 1992 of Indias equity markets to investment by foreign institutional investors and permitting Indian firms to raise capital on international markets by issuing Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). Marginal tax rates were reduced. Privatization of large, ineffective and loss-inducing government corporations was initiated. FACTORS HAMPERING CHINAS GROWTHLow level of education The level of education is an area of concern, where the population is dominant of 30-40 age barrier which causes honest hampering in the economic growth. Language problem One of the main problems that the Chinese people facing is the language barrier. English language is not popular in china and the people in china are behind India in the language proficiency of English. So when they have trade between other countries, the speciality of language becomes a problem for them. Poor living conditionsOne of Chinas most serious problems is that over the past 50 years Chinas leaders have constructed two Chinas a modern wealthy China and a backward rural poor China. This place divided is a major weakness in contemporary China and to unite this house into a major Asian power will take enormous effort and resources and may require decades to accomplish. Low level of institutional infrastructure and corporate governance The government is primarily one where the government has maximum amount of control on almost any level of economy.So if greater autonomy is not given, the growth tends to be very slow. Necessity of masterful labor Even though labor cost is perceived to be low, the skilled labor remains a serious question to be analyzed. The urgency skills are very much necessary in the sectors of manufacturing and industry. The country severely faces many problems with respect to skilled labor. FACTORS HAMPERING INDIAS GROWTH Povert y level gibe to the a 2005 World Bank estimate, 42% (456 million Indians)of Indias falls below the international poverty line of $1. 5 a day (PPP, in nominal terms Rs. 21. 6 a day in urban areas and Rs 14. 3 in rural areas) having reduced from 60% in 1980. According to the criterion used by the Planning Commission of India 24. 5% of the population was living below the poverty line in 20062007, down from 51. 3% in 19771978, and 36% in 1993-1994 While poverty rates in India are high, they are not on a par with what neighboring Pakistan and Bangladesh experience. The main reasons for this are large population, and low literacy level. Lack of Resources Natural resources are derived from the environment.Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways. On the basis of origin, resources may be divided into Biotic Biotic resources are those obtained from the biosphere. Minerals such as coal and oil are also included in this category because they were formed from decayed organic matter. Abiotic Abiotic resources comprise of non-living things. Examples include land, water, air and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc. lack of hese resources makes a huge difference in the growth of India. So now India has to depend on renewable resources. On the basis of ownership, resources can be classified into individual, community, national, and international Individual resources Process Resources The following types of resources can execute an activity within a process. Tangible resource Conventional resources like plants, equipments, IT infrastructure etc. Intangible resource Increasingly important resource type including brands and patents and India is lacking these resources.Infrastructure A well-knit and coordinated system of transport plays an important role in the sustained economic growth of a country. India has a well-developed transport network compr ising rail, road, coastal shipping, air transport etc. The commercialization of infrastructure is not progressing fast enough to provide decent living conditions to citizens at large. Lack of Capital Domestic demand in India is rising, but the country does not have the matching supply, making it essential for it to rely on foreign capital.India is in the early stages of a new economic cycle It offers a voluptuous mix of improving political backdrop, strong structural drivers of growth, and accelerating domestically-driven growth, Unlike China, India is a supply constraint and will have to continue relying on foreign capital Barring any dislocating effect of global events, foreign inflows should continue although at a slower pace. Political problems The main political problems t. hat India faces is the political mental unsoundness in the country.The decisions which one political party has taken will be removed by the next government, which leads to instability in the process or act ivity which is on the way. And other problems are lack of visionary leader, who can lead the country to become a super power. CONCLUSION Both the countries India and China will grow rapidly, taking a much larger share of global GDP. In both countries, the domestic market will become increasingly prepossessing to global companies. The division of labor between India and China will become blurred as both countries excel in services and manufacturing.Trade between India and China will expand, enabling companies in both countries to achieve critical mass. For global companies selling in these markets, this means more local competition. Both countries will create new world-class companies that will be competitive with companies based in the West. For some Western companies, this will create new challenges. Both countries, while remaining relatively poor, will experience rapid growth of the middle class, creating vast new opportunities for Western companies to sell in those markets.If th e above challenges can be tackled in the perspective of both India and Chinas growth, then surely we see both the countrys contribution in the world economy as significantly large. We firmly believe that India and China will become world super powers by 2025, but the question is who is first and who is second NITTE Meenakshi build of Technology ALBERT JACOB and JAISON JAMES KRISTU JAYANTI COLLEGE, BANGALORE emailprotected com Emerging Markets in International Trade THEME International Business & the World Economy Issues and Innovations

John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice

In his influential book A Theory of Justice, John Rawls structured his concept of high society around two principles of rightness that he argues were best chosen under a veil of ignorance (1971).Rawls maintains that the first requires equality in the assignment of basic rights and duties, while the second holds that social and scotch inequalities are just only if they result in compensating benefits for everyone, and in particular for the least advantaged members of society (1971). His argument for the second, while not purely and purposefully classifying society as equitable and impartial, supports the idea that contribution should be proportionate to ones ability or capability.There are a multitude of ways to map Rawlss second take on the concept of justice, some agreeable and some not. He argues that in order for others to prosper, some should have less (Rawls, 1971).He in addition asserts the idea that in looking at the bigger picture, everyone in the society achieves benefi ts by catering to what seems like a monopoly of wealth, power and therefore, opportunity. Rawlss justice supports the state-controlled idea that majority of societys responsibilities and burdens should be carried by those who canthose who are wealthy, have power, and therefore, are more capable of managing the said responsibilities.While these may be good points to support his ideas, Rawlss theory fails by theoretically preventing change in societies where these so-called social inequalities already existsocieties where those high up already enjoy the benefits of good living standards, while those in the lower brackets either continue or further suffer in their disadvantages. It is also faulty in the sense that the poor essentially pick up the scraps that the rich had left.Rawls idea that inequality can actually be just and fair leaves often to be desired. It should have been more egalitarian in the sense that both the rich and the poor would have equitable access to wealth and po wer. It would be elusive to guarantee justice in a society that separates those who can afford justice from those who can afford justice more.ReferencesRawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge Harvard University Press.

Mr.Aditya Kasana

The key focus has been on the sustainability and croak modes of the children and adults during the investigation. Table of Contents Introduction Destination get figures were the start of the evolution of survive planning which main(prenominal)ly focused on the reduction of railcar Journeys to the workplace , tourist spots and checks were also considered to be carve upicular destinations . An example piece of ass be taken from the structure of residential become plans where Journey starts from house to the various destinations.Since travel plans has played a major role in delivering proceedss to the regional and topical anesthetic authorities by enchanting accessibility and deducting the level of traffic has brought role of travel plans into a limelight of machinateing importance which seat be achieved by means of a planning process under a national insurance where travel plans can be monitored and improved (controversialists. Co. UK). take run is one the key final p ayments which gave reverse to school day cash in ones chips Plans in the wake of rising peak traffic congestion , security concerns and air pollution damaging the environment.If tutor run is eliminated finished various travel policies , it can then provide opportunities to children benefit from a healthy habits achieved by cycling and pass to the drill. (ghastliest. Gob. UK). In the UK , there atomic number 18 1. 2 million cars argon eyeing driven extra miles to cover the Journey to schools and a million extra on roads during the peak time congestion resulting in cast up of carbon emissions and tones of carbon dioxide existence produced.It is assumed that the school Journeys only bankers bill to a small percentage of total travel Journeys most the I-J and barely has a major affect on the large scale (Birmingham. Gob. UK). Norfolk was the first one to achieve an award of cosmos the only county with every school runway a travel plan. Programmed were installed both in rural and urban parts of the region resulting in the decrease shift of 17% of car use byout the area. Norfolk managed to achieve its goals by getting involved with around 6000 children into a habit of cycling , walking , bus use and car sharing (schools. Norfolk. Gob. UK).Literature Review Consolidating literature within the field of travel plans it was discovered that travel plans were first introduced in Government Green Paper in 1996 as part of national policy (ceramicist et al, 1999). Factors such(prenominal) as location, compevery cars and organizational policy are all considered when devising travel plans (Names and Sandburg, 1996 Banister and Gallant, 1999). In the sass the travel plans render been recognized significantly and this led to a increase in interest and reforms within departments such as Transport and the regions DETER , Department of the Environment (DETER , 1998 ).Regarding employer travel plans, Potter et al (1999) outlines negative traits in views and atti tudes towards the travel plans and were more inclined to implement cycle facilities. besides it has been noned that the cycle facility initiative leave non bring astir(predicate) any major change to the impacts suffered to the environment, although ac go throughledging the benefits in health and increase in safety levels Monoclinic and Shackle (1996). The encouragement of physical activities has been place as essential to tackle the rise in obesity amongst children (Salmon et al 2004).Salmon et al suggest that synopsiss such as Walking School Bus would assist in cultivating and changing behavioral habits and be beneficiary to health of pupils. They also indicate that active travel in no way raises any health risks and with the increase of various education programs, aimed at educating pupils on minimizing risks when taking public transport, walking and cycling. Often with regards to travel plans the focal point is placed upon the role of the employers to tackle the issue of m inimizing car travel routines to work, to combat problem of peak hour congestion (Methamphetamine County Council, 1995).This is further exemplified through the actions of Brighton and Hove City Council assist companies by devising various travel plans to take an initiative on this influential problem. To put into perspective, travel plans are considered a priority in various countries, for example in Australia various studies have commenced measuring the correlation in the mode of travel to their schools, with a considerable rise from 25% o 89% within a 30 grade period of pupils being driven to school (Consultation Planning postdate Services, 1974 and DOI 2005).Australia also takes a similar stance in educating their pupils about transport cognizance by a national plan named The School Travel Planning. Research conducted by Pied and Somerville Road & Transport Research (2006) suggested that within the periods in which this plan was use, 2007-2008, there was a decrease from 60% t o 10% in Journeys to private travel to schools. This was a direct consequence as to the impetus and focus the Australian government placed on public transport, walking and cycling, which the search indicated substantially increased from 2007 to 2008.The United Kingdom soon followed suit, initially though the first abstract travel plans devised by the UK government was regulated within 1997/1998. In 2010 the decision was made to further regulate travel plans with the aim to improve congestion string up around the public and private schools in the I-J. The travel plan has been proved successful. This lies in the fact that within the I-J there are more than 2000 schools which have implemented the School Travel Program, making the UK a fore frontal focus on the creation and division of effective travel plans, attracting the attention of echoing europiuman countries.Yet with all this success has lead to large investments with a total of El 55 million spent on school travel plans betw een 2004 and 2009. However it is important to note that EYE million were spent on salaries of school travel advisor and about IEEE million went to the capital investments. A particular scheme that was successful was the Walking School Bus scheme which was installed in various schools in September 2000. By consolidating the literature within this field has provided the foundations in which to interpret the theories and notions that surround School Travel Plans.External factors that may influence school travel plans have been identified from the literature such as the demographical information, congestion, traffic flow, road works through the means of public transport, cycling and walking. Methodology Research aims Desk research has been conducted in the project. It covers subject matter from all type of sources ranging from published articles to websites of county councils across The United Kingdom. The schedule of how to a write a successful plan published by Havening London Borou gh been taken as a base structure for the school travel plan analysis.The reason behind of this approach is to target specific areas of the research questions which are literary in nature. ProJect sets out with a broad psychiatric hospital to the travel planning and its origin to understand the base of the investigation. Research questions have been arranged in an order to connect with the information as follows Why school travel plans are important and what are the benefits ? Mainly focuses on the advantages of the school travel plans and benefits to the environment and the society.How to structure and what should be included in a School Travel Plan ? To recognize the structure and the requirement of school travel plans supported by examples from 5 different schools to understand every phase of the plan. Which travel policies under The School Travel Plan been successful in reducing congestion outside schools and promoting greater use of sustainable transport ? Two of the main tra vel policies has been brought into the light to examine issues cerebrated to traffic congestion. Which other countries took initiative in promoting school travel programmed ?Three western countries have been taken into account to acknowledge wider aspects of the school travel plans on an international level. What are relationships between school travel plans and other travel plans ? Residential and employer travel plans has been taken into experimental condition to examine and compare the characteristics of the School Travel Plan. Why school travel plans are important and what are the benefits? School run is the Journey parents make to and from school in order to provide transportation to their children by car.These school Journeys are significantly less compared to the total demand of transport but major effectuate the peak traffic flows leading in congestion and impact on the environment. In order to reduce congestion , t is need to kick upstairs walking and cycling to school within the youth which will going to enhance their social skills , independence and self confidence. This will not only going to benefit them in terms of bodily movement but also going to help children getting accustomed to their local environment (Birmingham. Gob. UK).According to Durham county council , it was necessary to grow a travel plan by 2010 and following to that , target was achieved by 97% of schools in Durham , obtaining one million pounds to be disburse on the refinement of school Journey projects and promotion of sustainable mode of transport. Enhancement of current parking facilities and better pedestrian access points are one of the few examples of these schemes. Let is important to install school travel plans and encourage active travel through campaigns, initiatives and promotions to teach students about travel sustainability from their childhood (Durham. Ova. UK). The key victims to the school run are commonly people living next to schools as they are affected by difficulties created by the drivers by parking in strange places , generating pollution and risking safety of cyclists and pedestrians around the area of the school. During the peak ours , 1 out of 5 Journeys are made by drivers on the school run and usually these journeys are short with a cold engine which produces an excess amount of pollution inside a car which is calculated to be thrice the level of pollution on the pavement which can be quite harmful for children walking to the school(schools. Reform. Gob. UK). As stated by Brighton and Hove city council A School Travel Plan ( STEP) is a document which sets out how a school will get ahead safer , active and sustainable travel to school , with the main emphasis being on reducing the number of children being driven to and from school . Discussion with parents , local people, governors, teachers and students is vital in ontogenesis a good STEP and to outstrip the problem changing situations , the plan should be assessed a nd reformed on a regular basis.A school travel plan stimulates active travel which results in trim back congestion and traffic which can be advantageous to people living around the area of a school , school community and the entire city . School Travel Plan can be benefited by different sections of society (Brighton-hove. Gob. UK). Todays period , obesity is a major issue and it is crucial to gain ground physical exercise within the youth and make them ware of benefits of sustainable transport and exercise which will help them to make healthy decisions in the future and ameliorate their fitness levels.As suggested in studies , children suffering from anxiety and stress are the ones who are driven and the children likely to be more alert during the class are the ones to choose walking and cycling to the school. It is important for a school to Implement sustainable travel habits such as road safety skills and hazard sensation within the children. Advantages of not being driven to school will provide children with an opportunity to enhance their social skills by interacting with their parents and guardians along the journey and get to know more about the community.By shifting to sharing a car , cycling and walking from short car Journeys will help families to be more frugal and save cash over a year or a term (schools. Norfolk. Gob. UK). Students will benefit in better fitness levels by leniency in physical activities such as cycling, scooting and walking. It will refine their knowledge about road user skills and travel awareness and enhance their perception of their surrounding.Schools will see a boost in better feet and less congestion around the campus with the implementation of schemes which will initiate safer cycling routes and walking areas and be part of policies such as Healthy and CEO-schools in of various other schools in the region(Brighton- hove. Gob. UK). For parents , it will help them develop greater connection with schools and better relatio nship their children with the increase in interaction time and relieve the tension of facing congestion while driving to and from the school.Local Communities will take advantage of reduction in to-do and air pollution and enchanted road safety and walking routes(Brighton-hove. Ova. UK). Worldwide , it has clearly been recognized by transport planners around in Japan , Europe and Australia , the need of changing travel habits of an individual from private to public mode of transport . It is realizes because of negative impacts being held on social life and health repayable to increase in congestion in traffic , land use patterns , reduction in use of public services such as rail and buses and increase in the air Attaining,A. 2006). How to structure and what should be included in a School Travel Plan? According to Transport of London , the conception of School Travel Plan commonly now as travel is to benefit the community by implementing travel plan in schools across the country . Steps contain various information and ideas to strengthen areas of transportation across the school with an aim of bringing a change to the environment and the society.The key endeavourer to achieve by Steps is reduction in car Journeys to and from schools , motivating adults and young people to adapt the idea of active travel over the private transportation and to develop appreciation between school communities towards options of travel available to them . The reason Enid the existence of STEP is not only to achieve these aims of improving the flow of travel around school but also to provide benefits to the environment by reducing congestion and pollution by promoting sustainable transport . T has already been be the advantages of including School Travel Plan in schools (Transport For London). According to Leister council , travel plans has no definite national format and each plan is considers type of developments and sites as it reveals characteristics such as unique location , accessibility and operation which are required to be carried out on that site. Aim of a travel plan is not only to cover travelers Journey but also address people commuting between residences and business premises (laics. Gob. K). Stages in development of a School Travel Plan Characteristics of a school Step 1 It is first required to identify in which area school specializes which means whether it is primary , subsidiary independent/voluntary or school for special needs . Then moving on to considering the size of the school by finding out how legion(predicate) students are enrolled and what are the age groups and number of staffs employed(havening. Gob. UK). Step- 2 This step would include the description about the location where the school is established .Some key information required are description of the area including a map , school entrances , local public transport affairs for an example bus routes and stations(havening. Gob. UK). Step- 3 It is required in this section to focus on existing policies of the school which can be for instance school trip and healthy and safety policies and how they can be link to the school travel plan. If school is involved in promoting environmental activities and considered to be healthy can also be highlighted (havening. Gob. K). Step- 4 In this step , detail of any activities in which school take part regularly and relates to the School Travel can be included for an example Walk to School workweek activities, cycle storage , students cycle readiness , sustainable transport policies , walking bus and other related activities (havening. Gob. UK). An example of phase 1 can be seen in the school travel plan prepared by the Devon county for The Manor Primary school in Jan 2005 where it mentions about the characteristics of the school.First part of the step can relate to the school introduction where it mentions that it is a primary level situated in the middle of a sousing development in Bridge. It holds a capacit y of 35 staff members and 300 students. As shown in their school travel plan , there are 12 car parking space and a unmarried entrance but there is no initiative taken to promote walking school bus, no CATV , cycle storage or cycle training plans which can relate to step 2 and 4 of the phase 1 (Devon. Gob. K) Phase-2 Issues at the School Step-I This part of step would identify issues by carrying out evaluate results of the entire school which should answer the following main questions What date accompany was undertaken? How many students were surveyed? How do students travel to school? Besides this , extensive surveys with pupils and parents can be included and any relevant data from the previous surveys conducted which could present progress report would be beneficial in the creating a plan. Surveys should be not be older than 12 month period (havening. Gob. UK).For instance , to get clear view of step-I , an example of Randal Cramer Primary Schools survey analysis can provide a basic understanding of survey results. In their STEP, findings are shown of two different surveys being carried out with a gap of two years to monitor progress. The survey conducted in the year 2008 proves that the liking is a dominant method over car use and 31% of students are willing to adapt cycle travel. Survey was conducted again in 2010 where it shown a difference in the figures rising Upton 13. 3% for the walking method and a give the sack of 14. 91 in the use of car .These surveys included in STEP helps school to address their issues efficiently (hackney. Gob. UK). This Step addresses the problems and issues of a school in a written description which explicates the need of developing a plan . This section should be separated from the survey results. Issues mainly to acknowledge can be ones identified by arenas , staff , students and from surveys. Some of the issues are such as ones related to school gate parking , barriers to sustainable transport or road Junctions whic h are considered to be not safe for pupils (havening. Gob. UK).Phase-3 social occasion Step- 1 This step covers evidence of everyones involvement from individuals to groups within and outside the school in bringing plan into action. Section must include the people who were interviewed and how their ideas and sound judgment were directed towards the plan . Details can be sought by mentioning about the meeting of governors/PTA here plan was discussed and about any procedure or involvement of School Council which has been conducted. Other key information to be involved are about any discussions in the classroom or assemblies and curriculum projects.This can be not very easy with students with various learning difficulties and effort should be put in getting as much opinion as possible (havening. Gob. UK). This section carries out any relevant information about letters being sent to local residents or parents or newsletters shared and displays being projected to actively persuade peop le to share their opinions regarding the travel plan . It should be clearly understood and noted that evidence would not consider reach up surveys on favored means of Journey (havening. Gob. UK).An example of this Phase-I can be vividly understood by the School Travel Plan of knoll Top First Community School for the age group of 3 to 9 years. This school majority focuses on the well being of its pupils and has involved itself with their opinions and suggestions. here(predicate) are the few examples of children and parents sharing their thoughts about the school travel - Comments by children- The best thing about going to school ( by car ) is perceive to the radio. The worst thing is the traffic lights because I like going to school .Id like to come to school on a bike The best about my Journey(walking) is I get to see lot of different things. My journey is safe but not always when I cross the road Comments by parents- too many cars pull up by the school gates Weve nearly been run over by cars reversing out of the school drive at drop off time These are one of the few comments of the pupils studying in Hilltop school . This proves that the school is involving children and parents in initiating their travel plan and tackle any issues (rubs. Gob. UK). Phase-4 What are Plans objective?This step identifies various objectives, project is intend to achieve such as reduction in number of car trips and during peak hours and promote use of public transport walking/cycling to and from school . These initiatives will result in improvement of health of people within school communities (havening. Gob. UK). To explain the criteria of this phase of a plan , Bishops Hull Community Primary Schools school travel plan can be considered as an example. By evaluating their objectives set up after carrying out survey results. They concluded that cycling needs to be safer for children and remote greater use of walking instead of use of car.Parents should be cause to share priva te vehicles to avoid congestion during peak times. These ideas are held together in a their school travel plan to overcome travel issues and promote sustainable mode of transport for the well-fare of the community and children (environmentalisms. Co. UK). Phase-5 Action Plan This part of the step sets out actions required in the plan to achieve these objectives. Actions required can be described in an action plan at the stage of approval (havening. Gob. UK). This section covers about the key ingredients required to establish an action plan.

Boer War Diary Entry from Lord Kitchener

Lord Kitchener The Boer offensive The Siege of Lady Smith 1899 Shame be brought on capital of Minnesota Kruger. How dargon he bring Boer offensives into British held Colony aras. This has caused trouble and now it has been declared that the British are fighting in war, another war in which we shall not lose The Boer may have mobility solely what they lack is the key to British troops fighting, roam. My men, have mastered order and with the equiptment supplied we are sure to upgrade this battle.The origins of this conflict would have had to begun with Paul Krugers Ultimatum, if no such order for British troops to leave natural was placed, there would never have been an outbreak. Those flithy Boers do not have the right to attempt to claim natal or Cape Colony, these are rightfully owned British lands But since we are already in this mess, we must fight for what is rightfully ours.In June I dispatched a total of 15,000 troops to Natal in order to protect and defend the Colony unt il reinforcements could be mobilized and sent to South Africa. The Boers attempts at trying to Siege us have caused us greatly. Supplies are now gro succeedg scarce my English men are ravel low on supplies and many of the civilians are dying of hunger. It is a sign that the battle may not end well. The Boers, the disgusting fighters had cut the railway link to Durban.I have great faith in my surrogate General Sir George White and believe that he can pull through to postdate and succeed to win the battle. His tatics have definitely been proven to be highly ranked and considered one of the best. For now all I can do is sit and write. I pray for my men to break through the siege and come out on top, I fear that many of the troops moral have faded and are giving up, but I aspire to reign and concer the Boers. For now I must be patient, appear and keep the flag flying.

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) Case Study Essay

1. INTRODUCTIONRemember smile ,when you ar walk on a major street because you are recorded by a Closed-circuit camera. While walking along the street ,glanced up and you will probably see cameras glaring back at you. by chance that you stinkpot non see them, but they are in that respect. Have you ever bump your head and immediately after looked rough to see if any iodine was watching at you? That has happened to almost e rattlingbody, but as majority does non see much(prenominal) action or we might say as incident. However, CCTV or Closed-circuit tv have got got them clearly recorded.According to Wikipedia , Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a particularised slur ,on a limited set of monitor . Marie Van Brittan Brown was the inventor of the CCTV camera. Nowadays, we are non lone roughly(prenominal) depending only on security personnel but also electronic devices. State-of-the-art and rough-and-ready CCTV cameras are one of the benefits of the advances of engineering in the enhancement of security . Closed-circuit televisions are often seen in universities, businesses, stations , grass overs and even government institution in order to provide video surveillance and monish crime.A British Home Office promotional booklet , CCTV Looking Out For You (Home Office, 1994), actually states that the technology can be a solution to many problems, such as vandalism, drug use, drunkenness, racial harassment, intimate harassment, loitering and disorderly behaviour (Davis 1999).However , the usage of CCTV monitoring is not without a debate . Even so, I potently believe that Closed-circuit television (CCTV) should be installed in every single place to combat the increase theft rate and to protect the masses.2.THE ADVANTAGES OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT CAMERA2.1. PREVENT CRIMEFirst of all, CCTV governance attend tos in preventing all kinds of crime. If a crime is committed, the culprit will be eventually caught . By having a closed(a) circuit television at workplace, crimes of stealing and theft robbed from a jewelry store can be trimmed down. This is because if the criminals know that there are cameras then they would be more likely to just lam on to an easy tar point. The clips taken by these cameras serve as a source of evidence to help trace the thieves. For further illustration, the cops in Malaysia and many other developed countries used the videos captured by the Closed-circuit television (CCTV) to trace and successfully realize a group of robbers who broke into a Seven Eleven shop during the midnight.The mere posture of CCTV is enough to reduce the rate of crime in most cases. That is why slightly businesses will put up a dummy CCTV camera to fool criminally minded individuals into intellection their actions are being monitored, and perhaps, persuade them not to commit the crime. In this manner, the business owner is not only protecting the nodes and employees, but is also safeg uarding the business. In the event of a crime, a recording of the events can be turned over to the authorities to aid their investigations.2.2 KEEP RECORDFurthermore, the clips captured by a CCTV camera system are often recorded and stored into a database. These are helpful in maintaining records so that they can be easily retrieved later when needed. As an example, sometimes the employees are required to handle some annoyed customers. When having a face-to-face interaction with frustrated customer, the situation can put the employee in physical danger. Hence, the installation of CCTV cameras may help the employees escape from this situation as the customers know very well that their conversations are recorded by the CCTV . In the event of an argument, the video which had been recorded can be used to determine what actually took place so that further actions can then be taken. In short, these cameras can help to provide some form of protection to the workersagainst the customers.2. 3 MONITORING TRAFFICLooking from another perspective, CCTV is also used for monitoring dealings by local or state roadways authorities to manage the transaction flows and providing an advice concerning dealings congestion .Road profession control involves directing vehicle and pedestrian traffic around a construction zone or other road disruption , thus the government installed a Closed-circuit television by the roadside to ensure the safety of emergency response teams, construction workers and also the general public.Speeding is a queen-size problem that can cause some serious injuries. The government is now putting up cameras at stoplights to protect people from traffic violators. More than sixty cities in the U.S are using traffic cameras at busy intersections. Now, when a person runs a red light, or gos unreasonably fast through an intersection, they can expect a traffic citation. By installing these cameras, people are more likely to drive safe this will inevitably lead to fewer accidents at some of the busiest intersections-it could even save lives. When one knows there are cameras around they are less likely to do something that might get them into trouble.2.4 suspend VIOLENCE IN SCHOOLOn the other hand , CCTV might also avoid rage and bullying in schools. The headmister or the headmistress would be able to see what actually happens in the classroom and he or she would be able to interfere in critical situations. In the past we had some very sad stories of students who used guns against their teachers and classmates. We all will never forget the tragedies of Columbus and Erfurt, where many people died. still last year a 17-year-old German killed 16 students, teachers and inhabitants of a small town near Stuttgard. If cameras had been installed in the classrooms of the school , I very sure that this sad cases would not happen and many people would have survived .2.5 LAW ENFORCEMENTCCTV is used by law enforcement in public places, such as at traff ic lights, to serve as a deterrent to those who might be tempted to break traffic laws. Those who violate traffic laws are identified and soon receive a ticket in the mail cod to the presence of the CCTV cameras which record their car registration numbers. CCTV records car accidents and monitors traffic jams. CCTV is also beneficial to law enforcement in increase personnel efficiency by decreasing the number of officers on the beat due to the fact that CCTV cameras are patrolling some areas, especially in places like the subway, airport and train station.CCTV can help in the legal profession of lawsuits by recording the actual sequence of events involving a customer and an establishment. Some customers might claim that an employee attacked them physically while they might have initiated the attack and the employee was only being defensive. In another scenario, a customer might deliberately spill some liquid on the ground, pretend to fall, and claim that it was there due to the com panys negligence. A CCTV recording will sort things out.3. THE DISADVANTAGES OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT CAMERA3.1. NO promise WILL CATCH ANY CRIME UNWANTEDAs the after way of discuss the advantages , there are also the disadvantages of the Closed-circuit television.CCTV is usually not able to display every square move on of a business or facility. Even if the cameras are positioned correctly, there is no guarantee that the cameras will insure any crime or unwanted behavior done on the property. These cameras can sometimes be thwarted by covering them up or by sticking a piece of plug gum on the lenses. Someone who is familiar with the property may still be able to get around the surveillance and avoid getting caught. If the cameras are positioned incorrectly, the high traffic areas of the facility will not be shown on camera. In this case, much of the behavior that the CCTV cameras are designed to detect will not be captured on tape.3.2. NO MANAGE TO RECORD THE TIMEAlong with the increas ed amount of cameras in public areas,CCTV security cameras are now being used in the office to monitor the staff. This is alter management to record how long the staff are taking their breaks and if they are going anything that could be considered inappropriate. This offen seen as an infringement of civil liberties, especially as there is possibility that, depending where management place the cameras, they could abuse their power.4.CONCLUSIONAs a conclusion , CCTV cameras are essential and therefore should be installed in every premise . This is principally to shield oneself from being harmed by any intruders or robbers . Admittedly , privacies are lost with the use of these cameras . In the Slate magazine of America state thatWe Need More Cameras , And We Need Them Now After the capital of Massachusetts Marathon Bombing Cases that happen on 15 april 2013 . However , one must realize that safety is of paramount importance compared to privacy and prevention is always better than su ffering from the consequences . Nonetheless , safety should be put first in order to be safe .Surveillance cameras can be very useful. They arent here to spy on our private lives they are here to protect our private lives. They catch the bad guys they catch the drunk drivers and get them off the streets they save businesses from bad employees and shoplifters, and most of all, they protect the duty to a safe, better environment for all of us.RESOURCEhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/closed-circuit_television . ,retrieved 13july2013www.essayforum.com/writing-feedback-3/use-cctv-cameras-essay-29373 . ,retrieved 12july2013www.wikipedia.org/wiki/road_traffic_control . , retrieved 15july2013www.slate.com/articles/technology/2013/04/boston_bomber_photos_themarthon_bombing_shows_that_we_need_more_security.html . , retrieved 20july2013